Izityalo zineentshaba ezininzi, kodwa ukuba zinobungozi, zinjalo amakhowa. Ezi microorganisms zihlala emhlabeni, nangona zikwabonakala nakwizinto ezikhulayo xa zihlala zimanzi ixesha elide kunokuba kufanelekile.
Ngelishwa, xa zibonakala esi sifo siqhubele phambili kakhulu, ngokuhlala kuphela unyango Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kukuzilahla. Ngale nto engqondweni, siza kukuxelela zithini iifungi ezichaphazela izityalo, Iimpawu zayo nento onokuyenza ukuzithintela.
Ifungi echaphazela izityalo
I-Alternariosis
I-Altenary luhlobo olubangela esi sifo, esaziwa njenge ukubonakala kweendawo ezimnyama okanye ezimdaka ezichazwe kakuhle ezikhulayo nezomayo. Kuqheleke kakhulu kwizityalo ezingafakwanga isichumiso.
Unyango
Uthintelo. Chumisa izityalo ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhula kunye nezichumisi ezithile zazo.
I-anthracnose
Umfanekiso - Planetagarden.com
Iifungi zohlobo lweColletotrichum, iGloeosporium kunye neConiothyrium, phakathi kwezinye, zibangela i-anthracnose, esinye sezifo eziyingozi. Iimpawu zezi ukubonakala kwamabala amdaka emagqabini, Ukuphelisa isiphelo (ukulahleka kwamagqabi) entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, amabala kwiziqhamo y amaqhuma kwiigodo.
Unyango
Iziqulatho ze usike iindawo ezichaphazelekayo y sebenzisa imingxunya yokungunda esekwe kubhedu Amaxesha ama-3 kwisithuba seentsuku ezisixhenxe. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kungcono ukusilahla isityalo ukuthintela ukungunda ekusuleleni abanye.
UBotrytis
Ukungunda iBotrytis cinerea ibangela isifo se-botrytis. Le yintsholongwane eyosulela izityalo ngokusika iziqhamo, amanxeba okanye iintanda. Iimpawu zezi: aukungunda okungwevu kumagqabi, amagqabi kunye / okanye iintyatyambo, kwaye pukufakwa kweziqu kwizityalo ezincinci.
Unyango
Unyango luya kubandakanya Ukuphelisa iindawo ezichaphazelekayo, ukunciphisa ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokunyanga izityalo nge-fungicides yenkqubo njenge Fosetyl-Al.
Ingcambu yokubola
Umfanekiso -Iincwadi zePnwhand.org
Kubangelwa ngumngundo wohlobo lwePhytophthora, Rizoctonia, kunye nePythium. Bahlala rhoqo kwiibhedi zembewu, apho bosulela kwaye babulale izityalo ezincinci kwintsuku nje ezimbalwa, kodwa nakwizityalo ezi nkcenkceshelwa kakhulu. Iimpawu eziza kujongwa zezi: ukwenza mnyama isiseko sesiqu isasazeka phezulu, amagqabi omileyo kuwa oko, ukubanjwa kokukhula.
Unyango
Uthintelo. Imigca ephantsi elungileyo inkqubo yogutyulo, lawula ubungozi kwaye ubaphathe ngefungicides. Ngentwasahlobo nasekwindla ungasifefa isalfure okanye ubhedu kumhlaba ongaphantsi kube kanye kwiintsuku ezili-15, kwaye ngexesha lasehlotyeni ubaphathe ngemichiza yokubulala ukungunda.
I-Fusarium
IFungarium fungus yenye yezo zinto zibangela owona monakalo kwizityalo. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwewaka ezinokuba yingozi kubo. Kuba, kuya kufuneka unike ingqalelo kwiimpawu, ezi: ukubola kweengcambu, ukubuna kunye necrosis yamagqabi, ukubonakala kwamabala emagqabini kunye / okanye iziqu, kunye nokukhula kokubanjwa.
Unyango
Iya kubandakanya usike iindawo ezichaphazelekayo kwaye uziphathe ngefungicides Inkqubo.
IScototonia
Ebangelwa ngundo lweSclerotinia, sisifo esichaphazela isiqu sesityalo. Imhlophe, ukubola okungamanzi kubonakala kunganikeli ivumba elibi. Ingabonakala ngokungathi isiqu sagqunywa yikotoni, nto leyo ingeyiyo enye yecottony emhlophe ye-mycelium yomngundo.
Unyango
Uthintelo. Ukulawula ukunkcenkceshelwa kunye nokugcina izityalo zifakwe kwisichumiso ngokufanelekileyo kuya kunceda ukuthintela isifo.
Bold
Ifungus yoluhlobo lweSooty mold ibangela isifo esaziwa njengesibindi, nesibangelwa siso ntwala, mealybugs y Iimpukane ezimhlophe. Ezi zinambuzane zikhupha into etyebileyo kwiswekile, yiyo le nto umngundo uhleli phezu kwayo. Umonakalo ikakhulu bubuhle: ibonwa njengomgubo omnyama owomileyo kumagqabi nakwiziqhamo.
Unyango
Njengoko inokuchaphazela ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwezityalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuphelisa izinambuzane ezikhankanyiweyo ngezinambuzane ezithile okanye ngamayeza endalo esichaza kuwo Oku kubhaliwe.
Umngundo womphunga
Inzondo sisifo esibangelwa ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zomngundo, ezinjenge-Uncinula, i-Erysiphe okanye iSpaerotheca, phakathi kwezinye. Ivelisa iimpawu ezifanayo ne-botrytis, kodwa yahluke ikakhulu kuba ezi fungi zichaphazela kuphela amagqabi, apho ziya kuvela khona amabala amhlophe ngubani oza kujoyina. Njengoko iintsuku zihamba, ziya koma kwaye ziwe.
Unyango
Ukulawula nokuphelisa, isityalo kufuneka siphathwe inkqubo yokubulala ukungunda ngokusekwe kubhedu okanye isalfure.
Roya
Umhlwa sisifo esibangelwa ikakhulu kukungunda kohlobo lwe Puccinia kunye neMelampsora. Iimpawu ezivelisayo zezi iipustules zeorenji okanye amaqhuma emazantsi amagqabi kunye neziqu ezijika zibe mnyama. Ngomqadi, amabala amthubi anokubonwa. Ixesha elingaphezulu, amagqabi ayawa.
Unyango
Inokunyangwa kwaye isuswe ngayo I-Oxycarboxin-based fungicides, kunye nokususa amagqabi achaphazelekayo.
Ungathintela njani ukungunda?
Kuphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi neentyatyambo ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela ukuze zingaguli.
Njengoko sele sibonile, zininzi izinto ezinokuchaphazela izityalo. Kodwa banokuthintelwa ukuba senza izinto ezininzi:
- Musa ukugqitha emanzini: kufuneka sinisele kuphela xa kufanelekile, hayi ngaphezulu, hayi ngaphantsi. Kwimeko yokuthandabuza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga ukufuma komhlaba, kwaye oku kungafaka intonga encinci yomthi (ukuba iphuma icocekile, singayinkcenkceshela), okanye siyilinganise imbiza xa sele unkcenkceshele kwaye kwakhona emva Iintsuku ezimbalwa (lo mahluko kubunzima unokusebenza njengesikhokelo).
Ngokunjalo, ukuba sinesitya phantsi kwazo, siya kususa amanzi agqithisileyo kwimizuzu eli-10 emva kokunkcenkceshela. - Sebenzisa ii-substrates ezinomjelo olungileyo: Ngokukodwa ukuba sikhula isuphu, kufuneka siyityale ezimbizeni ezinomhlaba okhupha amanzi kakuhle, njenge-peat emnyama exutywe namalungu alinganayo e-perlite, akadama, okanye pomx.
- Kuphephe ukumanzisa indawo esemoyeni yezityalo: xa sinkcenkceshela akufuneki simanzise amagqabi okanye iintyatyambo, kuba zinokugula.
- BhatalaNgalo lonke ixesha lokukhula kuyakufuneka ukuchumisa ukuze zihlale zomelele. Kwindawo zokugcina abantwana siza kufumana izichumiso ezithile kuhlobo ngalunye lwesityalo, kodwa sinokusebenzisa Izichumisi zendalo.
- Thenga izityalo ezisempilweni: nokuba sithanda kangakanani isityalo esithile, ukuba asisempilweni, oko kukuthi, ukuba sinesibetho okanye naziphi na iimpawu zesifo esifana nezo sele sizikhankanyile, asizukuthenga. Ukuba senza njalo, sinokubeka impilo yabo sinabo emakhaya esichengeni.
- Coca izixhobo zokuthena ngaphambi nasemva kokusetyenziswa: ukuthena ngumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ukuba asizisebenzisi izixhobo ezicocekileyo sizibeka emngciphekweni wokungunda okusulela izityalo. Ukuzicoca sinokusebenzisa utywala ekhemesti okanye isepha.
- Beka intlama yokuphilisa kumanxeba: ngakumbi xa sithe sagawula izityalo ezinemithi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba litywinwe inxeba ngophilisi. Olu qweqwe aluyi kukhawulezisa kuphela ukuphilisa, kodwa luthintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingabosuleli.
Kwaye oku sigqibile. Siyathemba ukuba ukusukela ngoku uzokwazi ukuba wenzeni ukuthintela kunye / okanye ukuphelisa ukungunda kwizityalo zakho, nangona unamathandabuzo, sele uyazi ukuba ungasifumana phi.
Molo unjani? Rhoqo kukho uhlobo lwefungus emhlophe ethambileyo iyavela egadini yam ejika iqine kwaye ibemnyama okomthi emazantsi ezityalo. inyama yayo ifana nomthi kwaye ayinuki. Namhlanje ndifumene kwa into enye emhlabeni ejikeleze i-rita engcwele kwaye bendikhwela phezulu, xa ndiyikhupha ndabona ukuba ishiya isiqu singenanto. Xa uyisusa ngomhlakulo ixabisa kuba incamathele emhlabeni ngamandla. Uya kwahluka ngantoni? Ndihlala eSan Juan kunye nemozulu eyomileyo. Sele ingunyaka wesibini ndibabona kwaye ndiyabakhupha. uzisusa njani?
Molo uStella.
Ungazisusa ngesalfure okanye ubhedu entwasahlobo nasekwindla (sebenzisa i-fungicides yokutshiza ehlotyeni). Nciphisa umphezulu we-substrate kunye namanzi.
A ubingelele.