Phakathi kwezinto ezindala kakhulu eziphilayo ezikhoyo kwiplanethi sifumana ulwelwe. Zizinto eziphilayo eziye zabakho kwaye ziqhubeka zibaluleke kakhulu kubume bendalo bomhlaba. Abantu abaninzi abayiqondi kutheni i-algae ingezizo izityalo okanye nje izityalo ezibizwa ngokuba zezaselwandle. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba abafani kwaye bakwizikumkani ezahlukeneyo. Izityalo kunye ne-algae zinemiba efanayo kodwa zinokwahluka okukhulu.
Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into oyifunayo malunga nokuba kutheni i-algae ingezizo izityalo kwaye zithini iimpawu zaso ngasinye.
Kutheni i-algae ingezizo izityalo
Into yokuqala yayo yonke kukwazi inkcazo yokwenene yezityalo. Kuya kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ezinye i-algae zihlelwa ngaphakathi kobukumkani basePlantae. Uninzi lwe-algae lufumaneka kubukumkani beProtista obuquka ezo zinto zingezizo izilwanyana, izityalo, ukungunda kunye neebhaktiriya. Intsingiselo eqhelekileyo enikwa igama lesityalo incinci. Xa sihlangana sibiza isityalo Sibhekisa phantse kwii-embryophytes. Eli qela lezityalo zizityalo ezisemhlabeni kwaye ziqokelela i-bryophytes, ferns, mosses yeklabhu kunye nezityalo ezinembewu.
Inyaniso yokuba i-alga ayisosityalo ayithethi ukuba abanazinto ezifanayo kunye nobudlelwane kunye. Lonke iqela leembryophyte lavela kwiqela elithile le-algae eluhlaza. Nje ukuba siyazi le referensi yokuqala, siza kubona ukuba yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-algae kunye nezityalo kwaye kutheni i-algae ingezizo izityalo:
- I-Algae ikhula phantse kwindawo ehlala emanzini. Oku kuthetha ukuba ifuna phantse naluphi na uhlobo lolwakhiwo lwenkxaso olwenziwe zizityalo zasemhlabeni ukulwa amandla omxhuzulane. Ukuba ngaphakathi emanzini akudingi naluphi na uhlobo lwenkxaso kuba amanzi ngokwawo abagcina beqinile. Ke ngoko, xa sisusa i-algae emanzini siyabona ukuba i-canopy iyakwazi ukuzibamba.
- Azinazingcambu zifunxa amanzi kunye nenkqubo yemithambo yegazi efana ne-xylem kunye ne-phloem. Akukho mfuneko yokuba bathathe amanzi kuba sele bekwindawo enamanzi.
- Omnye umahluko kwinqanaba lebhayoloji umalunga nombala. Ezinye i-algae zine-phycobilins, eziyimibala efumaneka kuphela kweli qela lezinto eziphilayo nakwi-cyanobacteria.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Nje ukuba sazi ukuba kutheni i-algae ingezizo izityalo, siza kubona ukuba zeziphi ezona mpawu ziphambili zezi zinto ziphilayo. Olona phawu lubalulekileyo olubalasele ngalo lo mzimba ubume bayo obulula kunye nobudala. Ibizwa ngokuba yitallus kwaye yeyona ndawo aziwayo kwizityalo zasemhlabeni njengeengcambu, iziqu, amagqabi kunye nemithambo ekugqitywe kuyo ngezityalo. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, kuba ubulembu obukwindawo yasemanzini abudingi zakhiwo zonke zenkxaso ukuze zifunxe kwaye ziqhube amanzi.
Zombini ziyinto enye enesicellular kunye nee-multicellular, nangona kwimeko yokugqibela iseli nganye yenza yonke imisebenzi endaweni yokuzibandakanya ndawonye ukwenza izicwili ezizodwa. Phakathi kweempawu ezinesilinganisi kunye nezityalo ezifanayo ezifanayo zombini zenza inkqubo yefotosinthesisi. Zombini zinombala kunye nee-chloroplast, nangona ingezizo zonke eziluhlaza.. Ezinye i-algae zifumaneka kubunzulu obukhulu kwaye zinombala obomvu nomdaka. Ivelise ii-pigment ezibuthathaka ngakumbi ukuze zikwazi ukufaka ukukhanya kubunzulu obukhulu. Omnye umda omkhulu wobomi elwandle sisixa semitha yelanga efikelela emanzini.
Ukuba zezinye izinto eziphilayo, zikwizinto eziphilayo ezizimeleyo, njengakwimeko yezityalo zasemhlabeni. Banokuvelisa kwakhona ngokwesondo nangokwesondo njengakwizityalo zomhlaba. Ezi zinto zinokukhula elwandle, emachibini nasemilanjeni, nokuba sezantsi okanye kumphezulu wamatye. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-algae ezinobungakanani obuqhelekileyo obuqhelekileyo kunye neemilo. Ezinye zigqitha kwiimitha ezimbalwa ubude, ngelixa ezinye zikwimicroscopic ngobukhulu.
Kutheni iAlgae ingezizo izityalo: Iindidi
Ukuba sijonga zonke iimpawu, indawo yokuhlala kunye nohlobo lombala, iintlobo ezi-7 ezinkulu ze-algae ezineempawu ezahlulwe kakuhle zingahlulwa. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi ntlobo:
- I-algae eluhlaza: Ezi zi-algae zihlala ikakhulu emanzini amatsha, nangona zingahlali kwezi ndawo kuphela. Kukho amawaka eentlobo ze-algae eluhlaza elwandle. Kuzo zombini iindonga zazo zine-unicellular kunye nee-multicellular, zenziwe zii-chloroplast, i-cellulose kunye neeflagella ezahlukeneyo.
- Ubomvu obomvu: Indawo yokuhlala ikakhulu elwandle nakwiilwandle zetropiki. Ngokukodwa uluhlu lwayo oluphezulu lukwimithombo yeekorale.
- I-algae emdaka: zezona zininzi elwandle. Bavelise amalaphu okubambelela kunye neebhegi zomoya ezivumela ukuhamba. Bazala kwakhona ngokuzala ngokwe-asexual nge-spores kunye nokuzala ngokwesondo zii-gametes.
- I-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: Banenani elincinci leentlobo kwaye zonke ziyi-unicellular kunye ne-cellulose kunye neembumba ze-silica. Bahlala kumanzi acocekileyo kwaye benza iikholoni ezincinci. Ayinayo nayiphi na imibala, nangona iqulethe ii-chloroplast.
- Ubulembu begolide: Baliqela lobulembu abasasazeke kwaye baneseli enye kuphela. Bahlala emanzini acocekileyo anetyuwa kwaye bayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yephytoplankton. Iidayatom zikwafumaneka apha.
- Ulwelwe lomlilo: Zahlulwe zangama-dinoflagellates nee-cryptocurrensets. Abokuqala banoxanduva lwento ebizwa ngokuba ngamaza abomvu kwaye bayaziwa nge-bioluminescence. Yenza kubonakale ngathi ulwandle luyatsha ebusuku. Iidijithali zemali zinokuba yityhefu kwaye zibangele umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo, nangona umbala wazo ubrawuni ngakumbi.
- I-Euglenidas algae: Azinazo iindonga zeseli kodwa zinama-chloroplast, ukuze zikwazi ukwenza ifotosinthesize ngendlela efana nezityalo. Sinezinto ezaziwayo ezifana nenori yolwandle, i-wakame kunye ne-agar-agar.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba kutheni i-algae ingezizo izityalo.