Kukho inkolelo eqinileyo yokuba imithi yesundu yimithi. Libinzana elibhalwe ezincwadini, kwiiblogi nakwii-encyclopedias. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba Zizintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zezityalo., kananjalo. Akufani nokuthelekisa ipineyini kunye ne-maple: yangaphambili i-conifer, kwaye le yokugqibela ngumthi obanzi, ewe, kodwa banokhokho oqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila efanayo, ngoko bobabini bayimithi. Imithi yesundu lelinye ibali.
Kodwa, yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo? Kufuneka sijonge ntoni ukuze sibone ukuba isityalo singumthi okanye isundu? Ngokulandelayo ndiza kunichazela isizathu sokuba imithi yesundu ingabi yimithi.
Zizityalo ze-monocotyledonous
Umfanekiso – Wikimedia/RickP
Njengengca, nangona imithi yesundu ngokwenene i-megaforbias (ingca enkulu). Xa imbewu intshula, kuhluma icotyledon enye (igqabi lokuqala), nto leyo ekhumbuza ingca yengca ngokomzekelo.. Eli phecana lingahlulwa libe ngamaphecana amabini, njengoko kunjalo ngeWodyeta ngokomzekelo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ilula, njengaleyo yasePhoenix okanye eWashingtonia.
Ngoku, ukuba sisityalo se-monocotyledonous kungaphezulu koko, njengoko uya kuba nakho ukubona ngoku.
Ziphindaphindeka kuphela ngembewu
Indlela yokusika isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekusasazeni imithi, kodwa kwimithi yesundu kunzima ukuyilungisa. Kwelinye icala, bambalwa kakhulu abaphuhlisa iziqu ezininzi, ezifana ne Chamaerops uthobekile, IPhoenix dactylifera, I-Cyrtostachys renda o I-Nannorhops ritchiana; kwelinye, ezi zityalo azinayo i-cambium okanye i-meristem yesibini. Kwaye ngaphandle kwale meristem, eyenziwe ngeeseli ze-meristematic, akunakukhula.
Enyanisweni, ulwakhiwo lwalo lunemicu, kwaye alunamithi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-trunk yayo ayiyona i-trunk yokwenyani, kuba nayo ayiphuhli amakhonkco okukhula, kodwa oku kwaziwa ngegama le-stipe. Ukuba sifuna ukuvelisa umthi wesundu ngokwesini, kuya kufuneka sahlule iisuckers-ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ziphuhlise - ngeengcambu.
Zikhula ngobude, hayi ububanzi
Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Ihlathi kunye noKim Starr
Imithi yesundu, njengezinye imifuno, inokukhula ibe nde. Oku benza oku kubulela kwi-terminal meristem ekhuselweyo kwi-terminal bud. Ke ngoko, into esinokuyibhidanisa nexolo lestipe ngamagqabi asele omile.
Kwaye kungekhona nje kuphela, xa, ngokomzekelo, zigcinwe kwiimbiza ezincinci ixesha elide kwaye emva kweminyaka embalwa zityalwe emhlabeni, njengoko zikhula, ziya kubonakala ukuba isiqu okanye i-trunk yobuxoki inokuncipha okuphawulweyo. kumphakamo othile.
Imithi yesundu ayivuthuluki
Kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwamawaka amathathu emithi yesundu echazwe, Akukho nanye ephelelwa ngamagqabi (ubuncinci, kungekhona ngenxa yemozulu). Njengazo zonke izityalo, ziyalahleka njengoko loo magqabi ekhula kwaye omile, kodwa akukho nto. Iiprotagonists zethu zihlala zifuna ukuba nenani elincinci lamagqabi unyaka wonke ukuze zikhule kwaye ziqhube i-photosynthesis.
Kwanakwimeko yomlilo okanye uhlaselo olukhulu lwezinambuzane, kwaye logama nje i-apex (okanye isikhokelo sokukhula) singonakali, ezintsha ziya kuntshula kungekudala.
Amagqabi azintlobo ezintathu
Amagqabi omthi anokuba ziintlobo ezininzi: i-lanceolate, i-obovate, i-elliptical, i-paripinnate, i-bipinnate,... Kodwa ezo zesundu zineentathu kuphela: i-pinnate, i-costapalmate kunye ne-palmate.
- amagqabi pinnate: zenziwe nge-pinnae okanye amaphecana ahluma ngokuthe ngqo kwi-rachis, eyi-stem edibanisa ne-trunk yobuxoki. Imizekelo: Phoenix, Roystonea, Cyrtostachys, Butia, Syagrus.
- amagqabi esundu: zezo zimile okwe fan, njengazo zase Washingtonia.
- Amagqabi ecostapalmate: zingqukuva okanye zimile okweqanda, zahlulwe zibe ngamacandelo amaninzi athanda "ukuxhoma", njengoko kunjalo ngeentlobo zeSabal.
Iintyatyambo zemithi yesundu zihlanganiswe kwi-inflorescences rhoqo
Sonke siye sabona imithi yeentyatyambo ngaxa lithile: uninzi lwayo lunomboniso, kunye neendawo zalo zahlulwe kakuhle. Kodwa ezo zesundu zahlukile: zisoloko zibonakala ziqokelelwe ngokwe inflorescences, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha la sebe. Iiflorets zincinci kakhulu, isentimitha enye ububanzi okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye zihlala zikhanya ngombala (ophuzi, ukhilimu; kunqabile ukuba zibepinki okanye zibomvu).
Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela: kukho iintlobo ezithile ezidubula kanye kuphela ebomini bazonjenge Hyphaene thebaica okanye UTahina spectabilis. Ezi zizityalo ze-monocarpic. Kwaye hayi, akukho mthi ukhoyo.
Iingcambu zayo ziyavela
Iingcambu ze-Adventitious zezo zihluma ukusuka kwindawo enye, kwaye zonke zinobude obungaphezulu okanye obungaphantsi.. Kwimeko yemithi yesundu, iqala ngolu hlobo, kodwa ke kukho eminye enokuthi ibe sezulwini. Ngokomzekelo, zinokuzivelisa ukuze ziphucule iiankile emhlabeni, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba zikwindawo apho umoya ubhudla ngamandla, okanye ngenxa yokuba zikhulela kufuphi nemijelo yamanzi.
Zinzulu kangakanani? Kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye nalapho uhlala khona, kodwa banokufikelela kwi-15 leemitha ukuba umhlaba uthambile kwaye umfuziselo ngowomntu omdala. Kodwa ngokwahlukileyo koko kusenokubonakala, abanawo amandla okuqhawula iindlela zokuhamba. Le yinto enokuqinisekiswa ngokulula ngokujonga umthi wesundu okhule kwi-asphalt: wakuba uphelelwe yindawo, ukukhula kwawo kuya kuma, kwaye ukuba unokufikelela ngokukhululekileyo kwelinye icala, uya kukhula ujonge kwelo cala.
Inyani yokugqibela: imithi yesundu yavela emva kwexesha kakhulu kunemithi
Nangona ingengomahluko ngokwasemzimbeni, kuyanika umdla ukwazi ukuba imithi yesundu zizityalo "zanamhlanje". Inyaniso, yavela malunga ne-140 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo; Endaweni yoko, kuyaziwa ukuba izinyanya ze Ginkgo biloba, ongomnye weyona mithi yakudala, owawusele ukho kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-300 ezigidi eyadlulayo.
Xa uhlobo “olutsha” lwesityalo luvela, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba uhlobo olutsha olufanayo luqalise ukuntshula kamsinya emva koko., njengoko zilawula ezinye iindawo zentsimi, kwaye akukho ngaphezu kwekhulu lezigidi zeminyaka kamva. Iimeko zemozulu nomhlaba ziyatshintsha, ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi, kancinci okanye ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ziyatshintsha. Xa oko kusenzeka, izityalo kufuneka ziqhelane ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba zifuna ukuphila.
Kwaye kukho konke oku, imithi yesundu ayinakuqwalaselwa njengemithi.