I-Mycena chlorophos Ludidi lwefungus kusapho lweFungiaceae. Iqala ukuchazwa ngowe-1860, le fungus ifumaneka kwimimandla engaphantsi kwemozulu yaseAsia, kuquka iJapan, iTaiwan, iPolynesia, iIndonesia, iSri Lanka, kwakunye neOstreliya neBrazil. Inomdla kakhulu wokuba likhowa elifana ne-bioluminescence.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, ulwahlulo kunye neempawu ze I-Mycena chlorophos.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Amakhowa aneminqwazi emdaka emdaka-ngwevu ebhityileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 mm ububanzi phezu kweziqu ezi-6-30 mm ubude kunye ne-1 mm ubukhulu. I I-Mycena chlorophos Yifungus eyi-bioluminescent kwaye ikhupha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okukhanyayo. Iziphumo ziveliswa kubutyobo bomthi owileyo obunjengamasetyana neziqu zemithi efileyo ehlathini. Umngundo unokukhula kunye neziqhamo phantsi kweemeko zaselabhoratri., kunye neemeko zokukhula ezichaphazela i-bioluminescence ziye zafundwa.
I-cap iqale i-convex, kamva iyancipha (ngamanye amaxesha kunye nokudakumba okuphakathi), kwaye ingaba ne-30 mm ububanzi. Isiciko sinemijelo yeradial enwebekayo ukuya kutsho embindini, ngamanye amaxesha iqhekezeke emaphethelweni anemingxuma emincinci. Umbala omdaka-grey ngombala, uphela emva kokudumba, uncangathi kancinci. Iziqu ezimhlophe ziyi-6-30 mm ubude, 0,3-1 mm ubukhulu, i-hollow, kwaye i-translucent. Ineenwele ezincinci kumphezulu wayo. Iziqu ze-discoid okanye i-bulbous kancinci kwisiseko, 1-2,5 mm ububanzi. Iigill ezibhityileyo mhlawumbi aziqhotyoshelwanga kwisiqu okanye zincanyathiselwe kwikhola yokukhanya ejikeleze isiqu.
Ekuqaleni ezimhlophe, emva koko zingwevu, zipakishwe ngokuqinileyo, zineegill ezi-17-32 ezigcweleyo kunye nemiqolo eyi-1-3 ye-lamellae (iigili ezimfutshane azinaluli ngokupheleleyo ukusuka kumda we-cap ukuya kwisiqu). Iigills 0,3-1 mm ububanzi, kunye nemica margins. Ipulp ilungile kwaye inevumba elinamandla le-ammonia. Zombini i-cap kunye neegill ziyi-bioluminescent, ngelixa i-mycelium kunye nesiqu zinqabile.
I-Spores zimhlophe, zigudileyo, malunga ne-oval, 7-8,5 x 5-6 μm ngobukhulu.. I-Basidioids (iiseli ezithwala i-spore) zilinganisa i-17-23 x 7,5-10 µm ezinembewu ye-sterigmata emalunga ne-3 µm ubude. Izityalo eziphuma ngaphandle zizi-5–8 µm ububanzi, zimfutshane kwaye zininzi ngakumbi kunezo ze-basidiocarps, kwaye zenza iqokobhe legelatinous noko.
I-Cheilocystidia (i-cysts kwi-edge ye-capsular eyelid) i-60 x 7-21 μm ngobukhulu, i-transparent, conical okanye i-ventricular (i-inflated). Incam ye-cheilocystidia isuswe ngokukhawuleza okanye ine-appendage emfutshane ye-15 x 2-3 μm, ngamanye amaxesha i-branched, zibhityile okanye zityebe kancinci. Akukho cysts kwicala le-branchial. Zifana nentonga kunye ne-25-60 x 13-25 μm ngobukhulu. Iindonga zabo zinobunzima obuthile, bu-spiny kwindawo engenanto, kunye nokukhula okufutshane, okulula ukuya kwi-3 μm.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuhanjiswa kweMycena chlorophos
Imizimba ye-Mycena chlorophos evelisa iziqhamo ifumaneka kwimithi apho ikhula ibe zizigaqa kubutyobo bomthi obufana namasetyana, amasetyana kunye namaxolo awileyo. EHachijo naseKogijima, eJapan, umngundo ufunyanwa ikakhulu kwi petioles ebolayo yemithi yesundu iPhoenix roeberenii. I-fungus idinga uluhlu olufanelekileyo lokufuma ukwenza amakhowa; kwisiqithi saseHachijo, umzekelo, iziqhamo zenzeka kuphela ngamaxesha emvula kaJuni/Julayi kunye noSeptemba/Okthobha xa ukufuma kumalunga nama-88%, ngokuqhelekileyo kusuku olusemva kwemvula. Uphononongo lovavanyo lubonise ukuba i-mushroom primordia emanzi kakhulu iba buthathaka, ngelixa iimeko ezome kakhulu zibangela ukuba iminqwazi iguge kwaye igqabhuke njengoko inwebu yejeli eethe-ethe eyigubungeleyo igqabhuka.
E-Asia, iintlobo zifunyenwe eJapan, eTaiwan, ePolynesia, eJava naseSri Lanka. EJapan, ikhowa liya linqabile njengoko umkhwa walo wendalo uyehla. Abakhokheli abaninzi base-Australia banike ingxelo ngeentlobo zelizwe. Lo mngundo ubhalwe izihlandlo ezininzi eBrazil. I-Mycena chlorophos lelinye lamakhowa amaninzi aboniswe kwiseti yezitampu zokuposa ezakhutshwa eSamoa ngo-1985.
I-Bioluminescence ye-Mycena chlorophos
Uhlobo lwaqala ukuchazwa ngokwesayensi njenge Agaricus chlorphos ngo-1860 nguMiles Berkeley kunye noMoses Ashley Curtis. Umzekelo wokuqala waqokelelwa kwiZiqithi zeBonin ngo-Okthobha 1854 yingcali yezityalo yaseMelika uCharles Wright ngexesha lokuhamba kwakhe kuMntla wePasifiki kunye noPhando luka-1853-1856. I-Pier Andrea Saccardo idlulisele iintlobo kwi-genus Mycenae kupapasho lwe-1887. UDaniel Desjardin kunye noogxa baphinda bachaza iindidi kwaye baseka i-phylogenetic specimen kwi-2010.
Ngomnyaka we-1860, uBerkeley noCurtis bachaza iintlobo ze-Agaricus cyanophos ezivela kwizinto eziqokelelwe kwiiBonin Islands. Izinto eziphathekayo zifunyenwe kufutshane nalapho i-M. chlorphos specimen yafunyanwa kuqala, kodwa emva kweeveki ezimbalwa. Iingcali zeemycologists zaseJapan uSeiya Ito kunye noSanshi Imai bafunda ezi ngqokelela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1930 kwaye bagqiba kwelokuba icyanobacterium Agaricus blazei yayiluhlobo olufanayo noM. chlorophos, nangona ubume bomnqwazi, udibaniso lweegill kunye nombala wokukhanya okukhutshwayo kwahlukile.
UDesjardin kunye noogxa bakhe bayavumelana nesi sigqibo emva kokuvavanya uhlobo lwemathiriyeli yazo zombini i-taxa. I-M. chlorphos ihlelwa kwicandelo le-Exornatae yohlobo lweMycenae. Ezinye iintlobo ze-luminescent kweli candelo yi-M. discobasis kunye ne-M. marginata. Abanye ababhali bacinga ukuba i-M. illumans ifana ne-M. chlorphos ngenxa yokufana kwe-morphological, kodwa uhlalutyo lwe-molecular lubonise ukuba zizinto ezihlukeneyo.
Ekubeni i-fungus incinci kwaye ithwala iziqhamo kuphela kwixesha elilinganiselweyo kwinqanaba elincinci, abaphandi baphanda iimeko ezifunekayo ukuze zikhule ngokufanelekileyo iintlobo phantsi kweemeko zebhubhoratri ukuze zibe nezinto ezininzi zokufunda indlela ye-bioluminescence kunye nokunceda ukukhusela le ntlobo. . Obona bushushu bokukhula kwe-mycelium ngama-27 °C, ngelixa elona qondo lobushushu lokukhula kwe-primordium lingama-21 °C. La maqondo obushushu ayahambelana nemozulu yetropikhi apho olu didi luqhele ukufunyanwa khona.
Olona kukhanya luphezulu lwenzeka kwi-27 °C, malunga nama-25 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-39 emva kokuba i-primordia iqala ukwenza, xa isigqubuthelo sandiswa ngokupheleleyo. Kwi-21 °C, ukukhanya kuyaqhubeka malunga neentsuku ezi-3 kwaye ayibonakali ngeliso lenyama malunga neeyure ezingama-72 emva kokuqala kokuqala.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-Mycena chlorophos kunye neempawu zayo.