I-Auxin

I-Auxin yiphytohormone, okt ihormone yesityalo

Ngakumbi nangakumbi abantu bayazi ukuba izityalo zizinto eziphilayo eziphefumlayo, ezondlayo kunye nokuzala. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukucinga ukuba kukho iihomoni ezithile kwizityalo. Ewe, imifuno inehomoni yazo, ikwabizwa ngokuba zii-phytohormones. Enye yazo kukungxamela, esiza kuthetha ngayo kweli nqaku.

I-Auxins ngokwazo nokubaluleka kwazo ekukhuleni kwezityalo kwaqala kwachazwa nguFritz Warmolt Went, ingcali ngezityalo nengcali yezamayeza evela e-Netherlands. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngezi hormone, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.

Yintoni i-auxin?

I-Auxin yeyona hormone yesityalo ifundwe kakhulu

Xa sithetha ngee-ains, sibhekisa kwiqela elithile le-phytohormones, okanye iihormone zezityalo, Injongo yokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo. Ukufezekisa oku, ngokusisiseko babangela ukwanda kweeseli. Indawo apho baqhubela khona ukuhlanganiswa kwabo yimimandla efanelekileyo ye-stems. Ukusuka apho, ii-auxins zihambela phambili kwezinye iindawo zesityalo, ngakumbi kwisiseko apho kugxunyekwe khona ukuthambeka ngale ndlela. Inqaku elinqwenelekayo: i-auxin synthesis ifunyenwe isenzeka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nefungi, i-algae, ibacteria kunye nezityalo eziphezulu. Ukongeza, ixesha elininzi linxulumene namanqanaba okukhula okunzulu.

Ndiyabulela kwizifundo eziye zenziwa kwi-auxins, kuye kwenzeka ukuba kusekwe kuqala ubukho kunye nokubaluleka kweehormone zezityalo okanye ii-phytohormones. Okwangoku kukho ulwazi olunzulu lwenzululwazi malunga neehomoni zezityalo ezigqitha ulwazi malunga nabanye. Ngenxa yoku, ukuqonda ukuba kukho namhlanje malunga nokusebenza kwamahomoni kwimifuno kuchanekile kakhulu. I-Auxins ithatha inxaxheba kulawulo lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kwizityalo, Kunye nee cytokinins kunye ne-gibberellins. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iikhompawundi ezininzi ezinomthamo ofanayo.

Microbiology yinxalenye yebhayoloji
Inqaku elidibeneyo:
Microbiology

Njengoko kulindelwe, abantu bafundile ukusebenzisa eli thuba kwezolimo. Zininzi iinkqubo apho amafama asebenzisa ezi phytohormones:

  • Ukukhawulezisa ukukhula kwemifuno.
  • Ukukhuthazwa kokuqaliswa kweengcambu ezithandekayo.
  • Ukunyusa iseti yeziqhamo kunye neentyatyambo.
  • Thintela iziqhamo ukuba zingawi ngaphambi kwexesha.

I-Auxin kwezolimo

I-Auxin inezicelo ezininzi kwinqanaba lezolimo

Icandelo elithe laxhamla kakhulu kwizifundo ezinxulumene nemixube yezolimo. Emva koko siza kuphawula ngezicelo zayo kwinqanaba lezolimo.

Ukusasazeka ngokwesini

Namhlanje, enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswayo xa kuziwa usasaze izityalo ngaphandle, nokuba kukusika, ukubetha, njl. Ngenxa yozinzo kunye nokuhamba okuphantsi, eyona auxin isetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi meko yi-indole butyric acid, okanye i-IBA. I-1-Naphthaleneacetic acid okanye i-ANA nayo isetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo, kodwa iyahamba ngakumbi, ibangela ukuba iziphumo zayo zingahambelani ngamanye amaxesha. Kwicrop culture micropropagation, auxins 2,4-D kunye nee-ANA zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukwahlulwa kweseli kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kweengcambu kwifowuni engafaniyo.

Iipathologies zezityalo zinokubangelwa zizinto eziphilayo okanye ezinobomi
Inqaku elidibeneyo:
Phytopathology

Iziqhamo zibanjiwe

Olunye usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lwee-auxins yile ukwandisa ukubamba iziqhamo phantsi kweemeko ezithile kunye neentlobo. Umzekelo: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-naphthoxyacetic kukhuthaza ukubopha iziqhamo zetumato xa zityatyamba phantsi kwemozulu ebandayo nasebusuku. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwale auxin akunampembelelo. Ngokuphathelele kwezinye izityalo, i-naphthoxyacetic ayinakho ukufumana iziphumo okanye ingangqinelani. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxuba kunye nezinye iihormoni kunokuthanda ukubopha iziqhamo zezinye iintlobo.

Ukukhula kweziqhamo

Kwinqanaba lokukhula kweziqhamo, ii-ains zingasetyenziswa ukonyusa kunye nokuvuselela ubungakanani bokugqibela. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufezekisiwe kuphela nge-4-CPA nakwezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezichazwe kakuhle, ezinje ngeediliya ezingenazimbewu. Ngokuchaseneyo, ezinye iintlobo zikhokelele kumagqabi okomileyo, isitenxo kubungakanani beziqhamo kunye nokulibaziseka kokuvuthwa.

Ukuhla kweziqhamo

I-Auxin isetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezininzi kwizityalo

Kukho izityalo ezifuna ukucuthwa kweziqhamo, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukuncipha kweziqhamo. Yinkqubo yenkcubeko equka ukuphelisa iziqhamo ezigqithileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kunyanzelekile ukuba umgangatho kunye nobungakanani bemveliso bonyuke kwaye ke kuthintelwe ukuhla okukhulu. Nge-auxin ebizwa ngokuba yi-1-naphthaleneacetic acid, ukuwa kweziqhamo kunokubangelwa. Ngokusisiseko injongo kukususa ngokuyinxenye iziqhamo ezincinci ukuze kungabikho khuphiswano kwaye wandise ubungakanani beziqhamo ezisele emthini, ezinje ngama-apile kunye namapere. Ikwajolise ekunciphiseni zonke iziphumo ezibi ezinokuba nazo iziqhamo kulo mjikelo wonyaka ulandelayo, ngexesha lokwenziwa kweentyatyambo. Oku kuhlala kuyinjongo kwimithi yeapile kunye neminquma.

Ukugcinwa kweziqhamo

Kunoko, I-auxins inokungenelela ekuthinteleni ukuhla kweziqhamo xa zikwisigaba esivuthiweyo. Ukufezekisa oku, i-auxin kufuneka ifakwe kwiziqhamo eziza kuvuthwa. Ezi zinokuhla ngaphambi kwexesha ukuba ziyayikhupha i-ethylene ngokwendalo. Ngokwesiqhelo, obu buchule busetyenziselwa ukuvuna ii-apile, iilamuni, iiorenji kunye neediliya, kunye nee-auxins ezisetyenzisiweyo zii-ANA okanye i-2,4-D.

I-Auxin njengeyeza lokubulala ukhula

Ezinye iihormone ezinje nge-2,4-do okanye iPicloram banefuthe lokutshabalalisa ukhula kwezinye izityalo xa amathamo abo ephezulu. Iziphumo zalo zibandakanya ukubanjwa kokukhula, amagqabi asongiweyo, kunye nokwanda kobuntsi.

Olunye usetyenziso lwe-auxin

Ngaphandle kweziphumo esele sizichazile ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ii-auxins zinokuba nokuninzi kwizityalo, ezinje ngezi zilandelayo:

  • Ukukhula kwamalungu eentyatyambo
  • Ukukhuthaza ukuhamba kwefotosynthate
  • Ukulibaziseka komzimba

Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku likuncedile ukuba uqonde izityalo ngcono kwaye ufumane ulwazi malunga nehlabathi lezityalo. Yonke imihla amanqaku amatsha afunyanwa anezicelo ezingekavavanywa.


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  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
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