Amanita phalloids

Uyakuthanda ukuya kukukhetha amakhowa? Inyaniso kukuba ukunandipha ukuzola kwehlathi kunye nobuhle beentyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zayo ngelixa ubamba ezinye ngamava amnandi. Kodwa kufuneka ulumke, kuba ayizizo zonke ezidliwayo. Ngapha koko, kukho enye exhaphake kakhulu, kwaye, iyingozi kakhulu: phalloid amanita.

Ukuze kungabikho ngxaki, ndiza kukuxelela konke ngaye. Ngele ndlela, Kuya kuba lula kuwe ukuyichonga ... kwaye ungayithathi 🙂.

Zithini iimpawu zayo?

I-phalloid amanita, egama linguSayensi Amanita phalloidesNgumakhowa owaziwa ngokuba yi-oronja eluhlaza, i-canaleja, ukungunda kokufa, i-oronja ebulalayo kunye ne-hemlock eluhlaza. Iyafana kakhulu namanye amakhowa atyayo, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba ungayiqonda njani:

• Umnqwazi wakhe ulinganisa u-5 ukuya ku-15cm, ngombala okrwada okanye omenyezelisiweyo, ngombala oluhlaza, ngamanye amaxesha uphantse ube mhlophe ngamanye amaxesha ubemnyama (luhlaza womnquma). I-cuticle igudile, ayityiwa, kwaye kaninzi ayibonisi mkhondo wevolva. Amacwecwe amhlophe kwaye asimahla, aqinile kwaye abanzi.
• Unyawo luyindilili kwaye lide, zihlala zimhlophe kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba neendawo eziluhlaza-tyheli. Isangqa sayo simhlophe, kunye ne-volva emile njengengxowa emhlophe emhlophe.
• Inyama imhlophe, nangona inokuthi ibe luhlaza phantsi kwesikere. Ayinakho ukuqina okukhulu. Ivumba limnandi xa lisencinci, kodwa alithandeki xa lidala. Kuyatshiwo ukuba incasa ithambile kwaye imnandi, kodwa ndiyanyanzelisa, ayizukutyiwa naphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko.

Ifumaneka phi?

I-phalloid amanita iseke ubudlelwane phakathi kwemithi emininzi eYurophu. Kule Symbiosis, izityalo zifumana ukungunda ikakhulu kumanzi, izakhamzimba kunye neeminerali eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kakuhle nakuphuhliso. Abo banethamsanqa zii-conifers, ii-oki, ii Imithi yom-oki, i imithi chestnut, Las ibhokhwe, i chestnut ihashe, i imithi yebirch, i hazelnuts, i uphondo.

Singayifumana eCarlifonia, apho inxulunyaniswa ne Iquercus agrifolia. Kwezo ndawo apho sele ingenisiwe, kufunyenwe ukuba ayinangxaki yokudibana nezityalo ezikhulayo (ngokwendalo okanye ezenziweyo) kwezo ndawo. Umzekelo, eMzantsi Afrika unxulunyaniswa nemioki kunye nemipophula. Ke ngoko, likhowa elinamandla angenelelayo.

Ivela nini?

Le mushroom ibonakala ngexesha lokuwa, njengokuba ubushushu behlobo buyehla kwaye iimvula ziqala ukubonakala. Ngeli xesha abantu abaninzi bayaphuma baye kubethwa ngumoya ebaleni okanye ehlathini, nokuba baye kwipikniki okanye bayokukhangela amakhowa abaya nawo ekhaya. Ngoku ke lixesha apho kufuneka uzilungiselele kakuhle, njengokukhuphela ezinye usetyenziso lweWindows kwi- Ivenkile yeWindows.

Ke, ngokuqinisekileyo asizukukhathazeka ngokuthatha into enetyhefu, njengophawu lwethu oluphambili.

Ngawaphi amakhowa anokuphazamiseka?

Nale:

Kutheni le nto iyityhefu?

I-phalloid amanita yikhowa enamaqela amabini aphambili eetyhefu: iheterocyclic compounds kunye neepeptides. Omabini la maqela afumaneka kuyo yonke i-mycelium. Ukongeza, iqulethe i-falolysin kunye ne-antamanid. Zonke ezi tyhefu, nje ukuba zidibane nengaphakathi lomzimba, ziqala ukudala iimpawu zetyhefu, kancinci kancinci; inyaniso, Kungathatha iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kumashumi amabini ukuze umntu azive engaphilanga.

Iimpawu zezi:

• Urhudo
• Ukuqhaqha
• Ukuphelisa amandla emzimbeni
• Ubuhlungu besisu esibuhlungu
• Ukubila okubandayo
• Yehla kuxinzelelo lwegazi
• Tachycardia
• I-Hypoglycemia
• Acidosis
• Jaundice
• Delirium
• Ukuhlaselwa
• Yitya ngenxa yokusilela kwesibindi
• Ukufa

Inyangwa njani?

Kwimeko yetyhefu, okanye ityhefu ekrokreleka, kufuneka uye kugqirha ngokungxamisekileyo, uthathe isampulu ye-mushroom. Nje ukuba ugqirha achonge i-phalloid amanita, into aya kuyenza kukwamkela isigulana kwaye ukhethe ukwenza isisu ngokuhlamba amalahle. Ngoku, kuba iimpawu zithatha ixesha ukuvela, unokufuna ukufakelwa kwesibindi. Ukongeza, uya kunikwa amayeza okunyanga kunye nokunyanga ukomisa.

Izinga lokufa lehle ukusuka kwi-70% phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, ukuya kwi-10-15% Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, into ngokungathandabuzekiyo isiqwenga solwazi esihle kakhulu.

Amaxhoba adumileyo

Ukufa komntu akumnandanga. Ukungazi kuhlala kusibangela iingxaki ezininzi, ngakumbi ukuba uhlala kwixesha apho i-Intanethi ingekenziwa. Kwaye yile, kwimbali yonke, kuye kwakho abantu abaliqela abaye bangamaxhoba etyhefu ngu-amanita phalloides, U-Archduke Charles wase-Austria, osweleke ishumi emva kokutya ipleyiti yamakhowa asikiweyo. Wayengenayo inzala eyindoda, eyakhokelela kwi-Austrian War of Succession.

Olunye ubuntu lwalungu UMlawuli uKlawudiyo, Owayethanda ii-amanitas ze-cesarean, ezingamakhowa anomnqwazi o-orenji. UAgrippina Omncinci, umtshana womlawuli, wenza isicwangciso esasiquka ukutshintshiselana ngamanaman ngeephalilidi. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki ukuba iphume kakuhle, kuba kuthiwa kwincwadi ethi "Claudio, uthixo, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uMessalina", nguRobert Graves, owayengugqirha kaClaudio owaphelisa ubomi bukaClaudio, emngenisa entanyeni iintsiba ezigcotyiweyo ngetyhefu.

Ngamakhowa kufuneka ulumke kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba awunawo amava amaninzi. Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku liza kukunceda uchonge ifayile ye- Amanita phalloides, yeyona mushroom iyingozi ehlabathini.