Njani, nini kwaye zeziphi iintlobo ze-barb grafting ezenziwayo?

pua graft

Ukuba unemithi yeziqhamo okanye imithi ofuna ukuyimilisela, enye yeentlobo onokuthi uzenze yi-spike graft. Kodwa yenziwa nini? Kwaye njani?

Ngesi sihlandlo sifuna ukukunceda ukuba ufunde eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokwenza enye yezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo zokuxhunyelelwa ezisetyenziswa ziingcali. Ngokuqinisekileyo, sincoma ukuba uyenze ngexesha kunye nenkathalo ukuze iphumelele, ekubeni ukuba uyenza ngokukhawuleza unokonakalisa zombini i-graft kunye nomnye umthi.

Yintoni ibarb graft

Ukuyenza icace, hleze ucinga ngolunye uhlobo loxhulumaniso, isikhonkwane sibhekisa kwinto yokuba isiqwenga sesiqu esinamaqhuqhuva amaninzi siza kufakwa kwesinye. Ngale ndlela, ubuncinci ngesebe elinye (okanye isiqu sonke) kuya kwenzeka ukuba ithathe iingcambu.

Kufuneka kwenziwe nini ukufakelwa kwebarb?

pua graft

Umthombo: Youtube La huertina de Toni

Ngokubanzi, zonke iigrafti zinexesha elifanelekileyo lokuyenza, kuba, ngaphandle koko, ubeka umngcipheko wokuba ayiyi kusebenza. Kwimeko ye-barb grafting, elona xesha lilungileyo lokuyenza lihlala lisekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba uyenza phakathi kukaJanuwari noMatshi uya kuba nethuba lokuphumelela.

Kwezinye iimeko kunokwenziwa ukususela ngoNovemba ukuya kuMatshi, ngokuqwalasela iinyanga zokuqala njenge-dormancy, ukwenzela ukuba zombini iziqwenga (ipateni okanye isityalo apho sibeka khona) kunye nesiqu, silungelelanise. Kodwa bekungayi kuphumelela ukuba kwindawo ohlala kuyo ngokuqhelekileyo kubanda kakhulu okanye akuyikhuseli kakuhle.

Yintoni efunekayo ukwenza i-barb graft

Iindidi zokugxunyekwa kwePua Umthombo: Verpueblos.com

Umthombo: Verpueblos.com

Ngoku ekubeni usazi ukuba ukwenze nini, into elandelayo kukwazi izinto oza kuzifuna ukuze uzenze. Ngokwenyani akukho maninzi, kodwa ukuba unayo yonke into oyilungisileyo uya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye awuzukuyeka ukukhangela.

Into yokuqala oyifunayo kukuba i-rootstock oya kugxunyekwa ngayo, oko kukuthi, umthi, ubuncinane unonyaka wobomi kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukuba usaphumla, okanye uphantse uvuke ebusika.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, uya kufuna isiqu esiya kuba si-graft ngokwayo. Kucetyiswa ukuba nalo libe nonyaka, kwaye ukuba sikwaqinisekisa ukuba licandelo lesebe elithe ladubula kunyaka ophelileyo, ngcono kakhulu, kuba kuya kubakho amathuba amaninzi okuba libambe kwaye liphumelele.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ibe malunga ne-7,5 yeesentimitha ubude kwaye iqulethe phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3 ye-buds. Kodwa lumka, akulunganga ukuba zibe ngamathupha entyatyambo kuba zinokuguga isiqu esitsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukumiliselwa kuya kulahleka. Amathupha kufuneka abe ngamagqabi, okanye avela kumasebe amatsha aza kuphuma.

Esi siqu kufuneka sifakwe kwelinye icala (ezantsi, apho siya kudibanisa komnye umthi). Ngale ndlela kuya kubakho amathuba amakhulu oqhagamshelwano kunye nokubamba.

Into yokugqibela iya kuba zezinye izixhobo ezifana ne-raffia, iteyiphu encamathelayo, imela...

Indlela yokwenza i-barb graft

iindidi zokumilisela

Umthombo: Imithi yamaHlathi

Ukwenza i-barb graft kulula. Kodwa mhlawumbi into ongayaziyo kukuba oku kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo (kwaye nganye inexesha elifanelekileyo lokuyenza). Sikucacisela zona:

IsiNgesi okanye ulwimi oluxubeneyo

Yeyona yaziwa kakhulu, kwaye leyo phantse wonke umntu uyayiqhuba, kodwa ayikho ngaphandle komngcipheko, ngakumbi kwisiqu oza kusibeka.

Ifanelekile kwiziqu ezincinci, ezingenayo ngaphezu kwe-2 centimeters ububanzi. Isiqu ozakusihlomela kufuneka sibe nobuninzi bobukhulu kolo dayamitha. Ukongeza, kufuneka ilinganise phakathi kwe-7 kunye ne-12 yeesentimitha kwaye ibe ne-2-3 yeplanga.

Kuya kufuneka wenze i-bevel cut emthini apho ufuna ukuyibeka khona njengakwi-spike (i-grafting stem). Kuphinde kunqunyulwe olunye ukuze luhlale olunye ulwimi.

Okulandelayo kufuneka udibanise iithebhu ngendlela yokuba uqhagamshelwano lwenzeka phakathi kwabo kunye nokunye ukusikwa. Qinisekisa ukuba banxibelelana kakuhle kwaye iicambium zamacandelo amabini zixutywe kakuhle.

Ekugqibeleni, kuya kufuneka ubeke iteyiphu yokuncamathelisa ukulungisa i-graft kakuhle kwaye de i-buds iphume kwaye ilinganise phakathi kwe-5-10 centimeter ayisuswanga.

Elona xesha lilungileyo lokwenza oku kuphakathi okanye ekupheleni kobusika, oko kukuthi, ukususela ngoNovemba ukuya kuFebruwari.

ukufakwa kwesiphunzi

Ngenye yezo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ngakumbi kumasebe anzima kakhulu (ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-5 yeesentimitha). Kule meko kufuneka unqumle kwelinye lamasebe ukuba uhambe kwi-bark uze ufake i-stem de ingene kwisithathu okanye isiqingatha. Ewe kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba ithambekele ukwenzela ukuba ukunxibelelana necambium kwenzeke. Ekugqibeleni iyabotshwa kwaye ilindele ukuba amathupha akhule ukuze akhulule.

Olu buchule lusetyenziswa ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMatshi.

Ubume becala elisezantsi

Kule meko ke igrafti eya kwenziwa ngoJanuwari okanye ngoFebruwari. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka wenze i-T-shaped cut emthini oza kuwufakela, kwaye kwindawo apho ixolo lisekupheleni. Injongo kukuvula loo gxolo ukufaka i-graft kwaye usebenzise i-bark ukuyivala ngelixa uyikhusela (kunye nokubeka i-raffia okanye i-tape kuyo).

Kuphela kuxa kubonakala ukuba sele ibambekile yaza yaqalisa ukuhluma, inxalenye engaphezulu yomthi omiliselweyo ifanele igawulwe ukuze incindi igxile kuloo ndawo siyifakelweyo. Kwaye malunga neentsuku ezingama-15-20 iqhina liyakwazi ukususwa.

Igrafti enye okanye kabini

Umahluko phakathi kwesinye nesinye kukuba kusetyenziswe isiqu okanye ezibini. Yiyo loo nto sizidibanise.

Kule meko, injongo kukufaka i-spike (i-graft stem) kwisiqu somthi. Ngoko ewe, umthi kufuneka unqunyulwe ngokupheleleyo, ushiye kuphela isiqu kumphakamo esiwufunayo kwaye, kuloo nto, ukusika kwenziwa ukwazisa isiqu esitsha. Njengoko oku kuya kuhamba ngokuthe tye, endaweni ye-raffia kusetyenziswe intlama ekhethekileyo yokuxhunyelelwa okuzilungisayo ukuze zingashukumi (kodwa zingathinteli ukuba zibe neengcambu kakuhle).

Ixolo okanye isithsaba ukumiliselwa

Ifana kakhulu neyangaphambili, kuphela kule meko umthi unokuba nobubanzi obukhulu (ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-30 cm.).

Kule meko, kwenziwa ngo-Matshi, apho i-sap kufuneka isebenze. Kuyimfuneko ukugawula umthi ukushiya i-trunk yedwa kwaye kuyo, vula i-bark ukuzisa iziqu okanye i-spikes (ungabeka enye kuphela kodwa kuqhelekile ukubeka i-2-3).

Ulungelelaniso lomiliselo

I-graft ye-spike yokugqibela enokwenziwa kukuqikelelwa, okubandakanya ukuxuba izityalo ezimbini ezipheleleyo. Ukwenza oku, amasebe amabini afakwe ade afikelele kwi-cambium kwaye emva koko adityaniswe yiloo nxalenye, ebophe nge-raffia kwaye engeza i-wax encinci yokuyilungisa kakuhle.

Emva koko unokusika iindawo ongafuni ukuqhubeka uzinike amandla amaninzi.

Ngaba icacile kuwe ngoku ukuba nini kwaye njani ukumilisela ibarb?


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