Ehlabathini kukho izinto eziphilayo ezinakho ukufumana amandla kwizinto ezingaphiliyo ezikwimeko yokubola. Imalunga nezinto eziphilayo saprophytes. Zizinto eziphilayo ezinoxanduva lokunxibelelana nendalo esingqongileyo kwinqanaba elincinci. Enkosi kolu hlobo lwezinto eziphilayo, i-ecosystem ingahlaziywa. Umthombo wayo ophambili wokutya yinto ebolayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-ecosystems ingaqhubeka nomjikelo wayo kwaye iphinde ifumane indawo enkulu yamandla enyibilikayo kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga ne-saprophytes kunye nokubaluleka kwazo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Liqela lezinto eziphilayo ezikuyo ukungunda, iintsholongwane ezithile kunye nokuvunda kwamanzi. Bayakwazi ukunxibelelana nendalo esingqongileyo kwinqanaba le-microscopic kwaye indima yabo kubume bendalo ibaluleke kakhulu. Zizinto eziphilayo ezinoxanduva lokuthatha inyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokutshatyalaliswa kwezinto ezingaphiliyo. Xa umntu ophilayo esifa, Izinto eziphilayo ze-saprophytic zinoxanduva lokubola. Bayakwazi ukudibanisa ezinye zeekhompawundi zezinto ezingaphiliyo ukuze baziguqulele kwiimveliso ezinokuphinda zisebenze ngokupheleleyo.
Le yindlela ababuyela ngayo kwindalo ngohlobo lwee-ion zasimahla onke amacandelo obutyobo. Baqwalaselwe njengabathengi abancinci kuba ixabiso lokutya abanakho ukukusebenzisa lincinci. Zifumaneka kwityathanga lokutya kwaye izakha-mzimba zazo zithathwa kubunzima obonakalisayo. Ubunzima buhlala busebenza ngokubola kunye nokuhamba kwexesha.
I-Saprophytes zizinto ze-heterotrophic kuba zifumana izinto eziphilayo kwenye into. Abakwazi ukufumana amandla ngokwabo. Bahlala befumana amandla kwizinto ezifileyo okanye kwizixhobo ezonakalisayo. Zizinto ezikhutshiweyo kwizinto ezibolileyo ezinye zezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukufezekisa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.
Olunye lweempawu eziphambili kukuba zii-osmtrophs. Oko kukuthi, oko kuthetha ukuba ezi zinto zinokubamba izondlo nge-osmosis. I-gradient yoxinzelelo lwento ifumaneka kwimithombo yeendaba ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Oku kwenza I-osmosis idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukwazi ukuhambisa zonke izondlo. Ukufumana ezi zakhamzimba kuxhomekeke ekwetyisweni kwangaphandle. Kule meko, ii-enzymes zezizo eziququzelela ukuthotywa kweemolekyuli.
Ibhayoloji ye-saprophytes
Siza kubona ukuba yeyiphi i-saprophytes edityanisiweyo ukuze sikwazi ukuthotywa kwezinto eziphilayo kwaye sizondle.
- Udonga lweselula: Ludonga olunganyangekiyo olunazo iiseli zomngundo, iintsholongwane kunye nokubumba. Olu donga luyanyamezela kuba kufuneka lumelane nemikhosi ye-osmotic kunye nokukhula kweseli. Ihlala ibekwe ngaphandle kwembrane yeseli. Yimbumba eyenziwe nge-chitin, ngelixa i-algae, ikwakhona, ihlala yenziwe ngee-glycoproteins kunye ne-polysaccharides. Kuphela kwezinye iimeko kunokubonwa ukuba olu donga lweseli lwenziwe nge-silicon dioxide.
- Inwebu yePlasma: inwebu yeplasma kwizinto eziphilayo ze-saprophytic inokukhetha okukhethiweyo. Ngombulelo kolu hlobo lokungena, banokusebenzisa ukusasazeka ukuze kuphela iintlobo ezithile zeemolekyuli okanye ii-ion zidlule kwi-membrane ngokwayo.
Ezi zinto ziyakwazi ukuguqula i-substrate kunye ne-pH yendalo. Inqaku elithile elivela kuphela kwifungi eluhlaza kwaye liyinxalenye yeqela lomngundo ongowohlobo lwePenicillium. Zonke iibhaktheriya zohlobo lwePseudomonas zinokutshintsha umbala kuxhomekeke kwimeko ezifumaneka kuyo.
Indima yendalo ye-saprophytes
Sikhankanyile amatyeli aliqela ukuba ezi zinto zibalulekileyo zibalulekile kulungelelwaniso lwendalo. Siyazi ukuba izalisekisa umsebenzi we-ecosystem kuba ziyinxalenye yezinto eziphilayo ezijongene nokuvala umjikelo wendalo wento. Xa ezi zinto ziphilayo zisondla, zihlawuliswa ngokubola kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo esele zigqibile ubomi bazo. Enkosi ngaloo nto, banokufumana izakha mzimba eziphinda ziphinde zisetyenziswe, zikhutshwe, kwaye zibuyiselwe kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ngale ndlela, ezi zondlo ziya kuphinda zifumaneke kwezinye izidalwa eziphilayo ukuze zikwazi ukuzisebenzisa.
Izinto eziphilayo ezibolileyo zinezondlo ezifana ne-iron, calcium, potassium kunye ne-phosphorus. Ezi zondlo zibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezityalo. Kuba udonga lweseli lwezityalo lukwenziwe gloss, kunzima ukuba kulungiswe ngokufanelekileyo uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi saprophytes Baneqela le-enzymes elibavumela ukuba bacole ukwakheka kodonga lweseli ngaphandle kokuntsonkotha okukhulu.
Imveliso yokugqibela yenkqubo yokonakaliswa ziimolekyuli ze-carbohydrate elula. Xa le nkqubo yokubola isenzeka, ikharbon diokside ikhutshelwa kwimeko apho ithathwa zizityalo ngenkqubo yefotosinthesisi. Uninzi lwezinto ezinazo izinto eziphilayo zinokuthotywa phantse kuphela ziisaprophytes. Elinye lala macandelo yi-lignin.
Ukutya
Sizahlulahlula amaqela kuwo i-saprophytes inokuhlelwa ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokutya. Ukunyanzelwa kwe-saprophytes zezo zifumana izondlo ngokukodwa ngokubola kwezinto eziphilayo ezingaphiliyo. Yeyesafrophytes kuphela ngexesha lesigaba esinye sobomi kwaye baya kuba namandla. Olu hlobo lwesondlo lwaziwa ngokuba yi-osmtrophy kuba yenzeka ngokwamanqanaba aliqela kunye nenkqubo ye-osmosis.
Ezi saprophytes zinoxanduva lokukhupha ezinye ii-enzyme ze-hydrolytic ezinokuthi zenze i-hydrolyze iimolekyuli ezinkulu eziqulethe ukungcola okunje nge-polysaccharides, iiproteni kunye neepids. Ezi molekyuli, ngenkqubo ye-osmosis, zityhilwa zaya kwezinye iimolekyuli ezincinci. Njengemveliso yale nto, ii-biomolecule ezisinyibilikayo zikhutshwa. Ndiyabulela koku, izinto zifikelela kwisytoplasm kwaye ke iiseli ze-saprophyte zinokondliwa, zivumela ukukhula kwazo kunye nophuhliso.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-saprophytes kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kwindalo esingqongileyo.