I-Tamarillo (iSolanum betaceum)

Uyazithanda iitumato? Inyaniso kukuba nokuba ngaba kwisaladi okanye kwi-toast, umzekelo, bayamnandi. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuqhelile ukubona, okanye mhlawumbi ukhule, izityalo eziluhlaza. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba ndikuxelele ukuba kukho udidi olungaphezulu komthi? Leyo yitamarillo, nangona ikwabizwa ngokuba yitumato yomthi.

Ukuba ufuna ukukwazi, unganqikazi: apha uya kufumana lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze uhlakulele ngokufanelekileyo.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu

Umlinganiswa wethu ophambili ngu Isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza okanye umthi omncinci ovela eLatin America, ngokukodwa ukusuka ePeru, eBolivia, e-Ecuador, eArgentina naseVenezuela efikelela kubude be-3 ukuya kwi-4 yeemitha. Igama layo lezenzululwazi yiSolanum betaceum, kodwa yaziwa ngokuba yiAndean tomato, serrano tomato, cassava tomato, tree tomato, Nordic mango, eggplant okanye tamarillo.

Amagqabi ayo atshintshanayo, aphelele, ane-petiole eyomeleleyo, kwaye anobude obu-4 ukuya kwi-8 cm, eluhlaza obumnyama ngombala kwaye arhabaxa xa ebamba. I iintyatyambo zincinci 1,3 ukuya ku-1,5 cm ububanzi, umbala opinki-mhlophe, kwaye zibekwe ngokwamaqela etheminali. Ezi zivela entwasahlobo (ngoMeyi ukuya kuJuni kumntla wehemisphere).

El isiqhamo iqunube ovoid 4 ukuya 8 cm no 3-5 cm ububanzi, ngolusu olubomvu olugudileyo okanye olu-orenji xa ivuthiwe. Iyatyiwa; enyanisweni zinokutyiwa ziluhlaza okanye ziphekwe ukulungiselela iilekese kunye needizethi. Batyebile ngentsimbi, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, kunye neevithamini A, C, no-E.

Yahluke njani iitamarillo kwiitumato?

Ngaba uyathandabuza kuba awazi ukuba zinokwahluka njani? Nangona kwinkcazo yesi sityalo sele ukwazi ukwenza into ethile, kuba ekuqaleni isityalo setamatato kunye nesityalo se-tamarillo sihluke kakhulu, kukho ukungafani kwiziqhamo zabo.

Ngokukodwa:

• La Isityalo setamarillo sininzi kakhulu kwaye sikhulu, ifikelela kwiziqu ezishinyeneyo kwaye iphakame kakhulu.
• Isityalo setumata sisityalo esinesityalo esinemifuno, ngelixa i-tamarillo ine-semi-woody.
• Isiqhamo se-tamarillo, ukuba awuzange uzame ngaphambili, kakhulu krakra kakhulu kwaye uneziqhamo. Ayifani netumato.

Ziintoni ezibakhathazayo?

Ukuba ufuna ikopi, sicebisa ukuba ubonelele ngale nkathalelo ilandelayo:

Ubicación

Ngaphandle, kwi-semi-shade. Isizathu kukuba akalithandi kakhulu ilanga ngokubanzi. Nokukhanya akwenzeki; Kwi-tomato yomthi, eyona nto ingcono yindawo apho i-semi-shade okanye i-shades epheleleyo. Kwaye ukuba kukho iintsuku ezininzi ezinamafu apho uyibeka khona, kungcono kakhulu.

temperatura

I-tamarillo sisityalo esiphantse sibe yindalo yonke. Kwaye kunjalo iyaziqhelanisa kakuhle nemozulu kwaye inokukhuliswa ukuya kutsho kwiimitha ezingama-2500 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Ungayifumana kwimozulu eshushu nebandayo.

Ngoku, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba akusiyo indawo yayo yendalo, kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukuba iqale xa iphantsi kwamaqondo obushushu.

Enyanisweni, eyakhe Ubushushu obufanelekileyo buphakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-20 degrees. Ngezantsi, inyamezela iqabaka ekhanyayo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 degrees. Kwimeko yokushisa okuphezulu, unokuwanyamezela, nangona aphakama ngakumbi, iingxaki ezininzi onokuthi ube nazo.

Enye into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kukuba esi sityalo sidinga imvula efikelela ngaphezu kwama-600 mm ngonyaka (ngaphezu kweelitha ezingama-600 kwi-square meter).

Umhlaba

Apha kufuneka sahlule umhlaba oza kuwusebenzisa egadini kulowo unokuwusebenzisa embizeni. Kodwa into abavumelana ngayo bobabini kukuba ifuna umhlaba okhululekileyo nongena umoya, onomlambo olungileyo.

La Umhlaba ungcono ukuba une-pH ene-acidic noko kwaye unesondlo kakhulu (kwizinto eziphilayo). Ekuqaleni, endaweni yokufaka izichumisi eziphilayo, kungcono ukhethe umhlaba ochumileyo kakhulu ukuze ugubungele zonke iimfuno zawo kwaye, njengoko ixesha lihamba, faka izichumisi.

Ukushwankathela, nanku umahluko phakathi kwembiza kunye negadi:

• Imbiza yeentyatyambo: Inkcubeko yendalo yonke exutywe ne-30% ye-perlite.
• Iyadi: echumileyo, enemijelo elungileyo yamanzi.

Unkcenkceshelo

Rhoqo ngeentsuku ezi-2 ehlotyeni, kwaye zonke iintsuku ezi-4-5 unyaka wonke.

Umthi wetumato sisityalo eso ayinyamezeli tu imbalela. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukuyityala kwisitiya sakho, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba imozulu eyomileyo kunye nomhlaba ongachumanga yeyona nto imbi onokuyinika.

Ukuba uhlala kwindawo enemozulu ebandayo okanye epholileyo, kodwa ngokufuma kwe-ambient, unokunqanda ukunkcenkceshela kuphela xa uyifuna okanye ubona ukuba umhlaba uyoma.

Kodwa ukuba usendaweni efudumeleyo, ke umngcipheko ungcono ukuba uqhubeke ngakumbi ukuphepha ukubandezeleka ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi. Enyanisweni, kuyacetyiswa kwesi sityalo ukuba kusetyenziswe inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela i-drip okanye i-exudation ukuyigcina ingaguquki (kwaye ukuphepha le ngxaki).

Umbhalisi

Ukususela entwasahlobo ukuya ekupheleni kwehlobo kunye nezichumisi zendalo.

El Itumato yasePeruvia idinga izondlo ezininzi, kwaye yiyo loo nto umrhumi ebaluleke kakhulu.

Iingcali zincoma ukuba ukuchumisa kokuqala kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphambi kokutyala kwintsimi okanye embizeni. Ngokukodwa, kufuneka ulungiselele indawo kwaye ungeze isichumisi, kodwa ngaphandle kwesityalo. Emva koko kufuneka ushiye phakathi kweeveki ezi-2 kunye ne-4 zexesha phambi kokuyityala kuba ngaloo ndlela isichumisi sineminerali kwaye siphumeza iziphumo ezingcono.

Emva kokuyityala inokuqhutywa ukusuka entwasahlobo ukuya ehlotyeni, nangona abanye besithi kufuneka ichunyiswe rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3-6 kunye ne-organic matter ejikeleze isityalo, kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuyixuba kunye nomhlaba ongaphezulu. Khumbula ukuba iingcambu zetumato zomthi zingaphezulu kwaye ziya kuba kufutshane neso sichumisi.

Ukuthena

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuthenwa kwe-tamarillo kuncitshiswe kwenye ukulungiswa rhoqo. Lo mthi kufuneka ube nesithsaba esisezantsi kunye nokumila kweglasi, ngoko kuya kufuneka uwuthene amaxesha amaninzi unyaka wonke.

Xa umboniso usemncinci, uya kukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kwinqanaba layo lomntu omdala liyancipha (kuba libeka phambili iziqhamo) ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba amaxesha angama-1-2 ngonyaka anele.

Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo

Kule meko kuya kufuneka ubeke iwaka lamehlo kwi iimpukane zeziqhamo kunye neentwala kuba zizitshabalalisi ezimbini ezizichaphazela kakhulu. Ukusombulula ingxaki, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-oyile ye-neem kwisityalo kwaye uya kuphelisa ingxaki.

Ukuphindaphinda

por imbewu entwasahlobo. Ukuhlwayela ngokuthe ngqo kwibhedi yembewu.

Enyanisweni, I-tamarillo inokuphindaphindwa ngokusikwa, kodwa kukuhlwayela okunika imiphumo emihle.

Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ufumane i-tamarillo kuba isiqhamo sayo ngasinye sinembewu ephakathi kwama-300 nama-500.

Ezi, ezityalwe kumandlalo wembewu, okanye kumhlaba omnye, zineqondo eliphezulu lokuntshula, ngoko awuyi kuba nangxaki. Nangona kunjalo, sikunika amanyathelo:

• Lungisa ibhedi yembewu ngomhlaba onesondlo nogcina ukufuma.
• Khupha imbewu kwisiqhamo. Kuya kufuneka uzishiye eglasini okanye kwisitya esinamanzi kangangeentsuku ezi-2 ukuze zibole kwaye ziphelise izicubu ezithambileyo (ezo zigqume imbewu) kuba ngale ndlela siya kuphepha iingxaki zokuntshula.
• Emva kweentsuku ezimbini ungazihluza kwaye uzicoce. Kungcono ukuwabeka kwi-napkin kwaye usebenzise enye phezulu ukuze uyomise.
• Xa sele unazo, ungazifaka kwiibhedi zembewu, uzinkcenkceshele ngesitshizi kwaye ulindele ukuba zintshule.
• Izityalo kufuneka zishiywe kwi-seedbed de zibe malunga ne-5cm ubude. Ngelo xesha kufuneka uwatyale kwiimbiza ezizimeleyo ubuncinane kwiilitha ezi-5. Kuya kufuneka ugcwalise nge-substrate elungileyo.
• Ewe kunjalo, lumka xa uziphatha kuba imizekelo ithambile kwaye inokwaphuka lula.
• Kufuneka ubeke imbiza kwindawo enomthunzi de ibe yi-50 cm, apho unokugqiba ukuba uyityale emhlabeni okanye uyisuse kwenye imbiza.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Iyavelana nokubanda. Ubuncinane bobushushu obuxhasayo yi-10ºC. Njengoko ikhetha umthunzi kunye nokukhanya okuphantsi, inokugcinwa ngaphakathi.

Ucinga ntoni nge tamarillo?