Iimpawu, ukhathalelo kunye nokulima kwe-mustard

Isardadi sisityalo esityiwayo esizalelwa kwimimandla eshushu yaseYurophu

Isardadi sisityalo esityiwayo esizalelwa kwimimandla eshushu yaseYurophu, eyeyosapho lweCrififerous.

Ixabiso loqoqosho lwesi sityalo lakhokelela ekusasazekeni kwalo ngokubanzi kwaye belilinywa njengomfuno e-Asiya, eMntla Afrika nase-Yuropa amawaka eminyaka. AmaGrike amandulo kunye namaRoma ayonwabela imbewu yemostade ngohlobo lwepasta kunye nomgubo.

Iimpawu zemostade

Zintathu iintlobo zemostade; mthubi, mnyama kunye nasempuma

Zintathu iintlobo zemostade; mthubi, mnyama kunye nasempuma. EYurophu, isardard emthubi yaziwa ngokuba yi-white mustard. Ikhula endle kwiMeditera Yurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma nakuMntla Afrika

Imbewu ye-mustard, emnyama nomhlophe, iphantse yabumba i-globular, inuka incasa, kwaye ayinanco xa iphelele. Imbewu yemostade emthubi ngombala okhanyayo otyheli ngombala kwaye malunga ne-2.5mm ubukhulu.

I-mustard yaseMpuma, enegama lenzululwazi IBrassica juncea, yemveli kumazantsi eentaba zeHimalaya, kodwa ngoku iyalinywa kwaye iyathengiswa eMelika, UK, Canada kunye neDenmark kunye ne-mustard emnyama, i-Brassica nigra, ikhuliswa e-United States, eChile, eArgentina nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Unonophelo lwemostade kunye nokulima

Izityalo zemostade zihlala zikhuliswa ngembewu, kodwa zingakhuliswa nangezithole.

Ingakhula kwilanga elipheleleyo kunye nomthunzi okhethekileyo. Khetha indawo enomhlaba ococekileyo, osebenze kakuhle, ocebileyo ocebile kwizinto eziphilayo. Umhlaba olungeleyo i-pH kufuneka ubengu-5.5 ukuya ku-6.8, nangona benokuyinyamezela i-pH encinci ye-7.5.

Tyala imbewu ye-mustard 2,5 intshi ukwahlukana, malunga neeveki ezintathu phambi komhla wokugqibela wekhephu. Ukuba utyala izithole zemastadi, zityale ii-intshi ezi-15 ngokwahlukeneyo. Umhlaba kufuneka ugcinwe ngokulinganayo ufumile ukugcina amagqabi ekhula ngokukhawuleza.

Imastadi ihluma kumhlaba obandayo.Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuhluma kwemostade zibandakanya; umhlaba ofumileyo kunye nobushushu bomhlaba obumalunga ne-7 ° C. Phantsi kwezi meko, lwemostade luya kuphuma emhlabeni kwiintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezilishumi.

Utyala lwemostade xa umhlaba ungaphantsi ko 4ºC uyakuhluma, kodwa ucothe.

Umnqa wobomi

Kwiintsuku ezingama-30 zokuhluma, lwemostade luya kukhula luphele. Kwiintsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kuma-40 zokuntshula, iya kuqala ukuhluma.

Ixesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo lihlala malunga neentsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezili-15, nangona ngamanye amaxesha lingade lide. Imidumba izakuvela kwiintyatyambo, kwiintsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kwezingama-45 ezizayo. Iimbewu zivuthiwe xa imidumba iqala ukujika ukusuka kumbala oluhlaza ukuya kumbala omdaka okanye emdaka.

Ukuqwayita

Imbewu yemostade kufuneka ivunwe ngaphambi kokuba imidumba ibe krakra kangangokuba yaphuke

Imbewu yemostade kufuneka ivunwe ngaphambi kokuba imidumba ibe krakra kangangokuba ivuleke isasaze imbewu apho ingafunwa khona.

Umxholo ofanelekileyo wokugcina imbewu yemostade yi-10%. Ukuba imbewu yemostade iqulethe ukufuma okuninzi, inokonakala ngexesha lokugcinwa. Ukuba iimbewu azomi ngokwaneleyo xa zivunwa, unokukhetha ukuzomisa kwi-mesh efanelekileyo.

Ukuqola

La Imastadi emthubi ivuthwa ngokukhawuleza kunentsundu emdaka kunye nasempumalanga iMastard emthubi inomjikelo wobomi weentsuku ezingama-80 ukuya kwezingama-85 kwi-mustard emdaka ngeentsuku ezingama-90 ukuya kwezingama-95 Ngenxa yokuba iintlobo zemastadi emdaka nezaseMpuma ziqhekeka ngokulula kunesardard emthubi kufuneka zivunwe phambi kokuba imidumba yome ngokupheleleyo.

Izifo zesinaphi

Nangona i-mustard ingenangxaki zininzi, kuya kufuneka ubakhusele kwiintshulube zeklabishi, iiaphid, iimpukane ezimhlophe, nooqongqothwane. Ungazitshiza ngemveliso equlathe "Bt" (Bacillus thuringiensis) yeemopane, okanye isprereprin-based spray for ooqongqothwane.

Esi sityalo sinokuchaphazeleka ngumhlwa omhlophe. Amagqabi anomhlwa omhlophe kufuneka asuswe kwangoko. Nkcenkceshela izityalo emazantsi esiqu ukuze amagqabi angabi nakufuma.


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  1.   URoberto Castillo Alban sitsho

    Ndiyifumana le mfundiso inomdla kwaye ifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuba ndiyifundile, ndiyivile kodwa andisazi isityalo, bayithanda kakhulu.