Sisoloko sincoma ukubeka izityalo eziza kugcinwa ekhaya kwigumbi apho kukho ukukhanya okukhulu; oko kukuthi, apho kukho iifestile apho ukukhanya kwelanga kungena lula. Kwaye kukuba zonke zifuna ukukhanya ukuze ziqhube iphotosynthesis kwaye, ngenxa yoko, zikwazi ukuvelisa ukutya kwazo kwaye zikhule. Kodwa, Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba nezityalo eziphilileyo ezinokukhanya okwenziweyo?
Impendulo emfutshane nguewe, unako.. Ngoku, kubalulekile ukukhetha ukukhanya okwenziwa kwizityalo kakuhle, kuba akubona bonke abaya kusebenza. Enyanisweni, ukukhanya okuvela kwiibhalbhu esihlala sinazo ekhaya ayisona nto yaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okulungileyo. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka sifumane izibane okanye izibane ezithile.
Kukuphi ukukhanya ekufuneka izityalo zikhule?
Izityalo zaqala ukuvela kwazo malunga nezigidi ezingama-400 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, elwandle. Ngelo xesha kwakukho i-algae kuphela, ngaphezu kwee-microorganisms ezifana neebhaktheriya. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ezinye ziya kuqala ukubonakala, njengoko kwenzekayo Cooksonia, eyaqhuba iphotosynthesis ngezikhondo zayo ekubeni amagqabi ayengekaveli. Kamva, izityalo ezintsonkothileyo ziya kukhula, ezifana nobulembu, iiferns okanye iicycads. Kwaye malunga ne-150 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, i izityalo zakuqala zeentyatyambo.
Kutheni ndiyithetha yonke lento? Ngokuba izityalo zixhomekeke ekukhanyeni kwelanga kuyo yonke into: phefumla, photosynthesize, khula, uchume, njl. Ngeendawo zazo zephotosynthetic, oko kukuthi, ezo zine<em>chlorophyll, eyibala lebala elizinika umbala wazo oluhlaza, ziguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ziicarbohydrates. Kodwa ukuqonda oku ngakumbi, kubalulekile ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nemitha yelanga.
Umfanekiso – Wikimedia/Horst Frank, Jailbird
Nangona kubonakala ngathi ngathi ingaphezulu okanye ingaphantsi ihlala ifana, iliso lomntu kunye nezityalo "zibona" ihlabathi ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Kwaye kukuba ilanga, nangona likhupha i-ultraviolet, i-radiation ebonakalayo kunye ne-infrared, abantu babona kuphela okubonakalayo, oko kukuthi, xa ubude be-waveleng buphakathi kwe-380 kunye ne-780nm. Ukongeza, siyakwazi ukubona imibala emithathu: eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu kunye nohlaza, kunye nokudibanisa kwabo okuninzi.
Izityalo, kwelinye icala, nangona zinovelwano kumaza aphakathi kwe-400 kunye ne-700nm, zifunxa kuphela ukukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza, kwaye zibonakalisa uhlaza., kungoko sibabona bekula mbala. Kodwa kwakhona, esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba singakwazi ukusebenzisa izibane zesintu kubo, ekubeni ezi zenzelwe thina bantu, ukuze sibone, kungekhona izityalo.
Yiyiphi impembelelo enayo imichiza eyahlukeneyo kwizityalo?
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimitha efunyenwe zizityalo, ziya kusabela ngendlela enye okanye enye. Umzekelo:
- Ukukhula: Kuxhomekeke kwimitha ye-infrared kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukuhluma kwembewu: ukukhanya okuluhlaza kunye nokukhanya okuncinci kwe-ultraviolet zizinto ezivuselela le nkqubo.
- Iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo: zincediswa sisibane esibomvu okanye esibomvu ukuze zidubule kwaye zithwale iziqhamo.
- Ukukhula kwesityalo esinomthunzi: Ngaphantsi kweemeko apho umlinganiselo obomvu kunye nobomvu obomvu uphezulu, izityalo ezingafumani ilanga elithe ngqo zingakhula.
Ngaba ukukhanya okwenziwayo kunokuba luncedo kwizityalo?
Njengoko besilindele ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, ukukhanya okungeyonyani kunokuba luncedo kwizityalo. Nangona kunjalo, Yonke into iya kuxhomekeka kukukhanya okukhanyayo kwesibane esikhankanyiweyo., elinganiswa ngamakhandlela okanye i-cd, i-illuminance okanye i-lux, okanye i-luminance (cd / m2). Yaye kukuba ayizizo zonke ezinokukhanya okufanayo kokuqina.
nayo, Kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba kukwanika umdla ukwazi ukuba zingaphi iifotoni eziya kubonelelwa. Ezi zilinganiswa kwii-micromoles ze-photons (mmol), ezivumela ukuguquguquka okanye ukuxinana ukuba kulinganiswe. Lo mva ngumlinganiselo obalwa ngokuqwalasela i-square meter evezwe ekukhanyeni kunye nemizuzwana eyithathayo ukuyifumana. Ngaloo ndlela, okukude kakhulu, i-micromoles encinci ye-photons isityalo siya kufumana.
Kule mihla izibane ezenziweyo zezityalo ziphuculwe kakhulu kangangokuba kuyenzeka ukufumana iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ezilungiselelwe ukuvuselela, umzekelo, ukuntshula kwembewu, ukukhula okanye ukudubula kweentyatyambo..
Sesiphi esona sikhanyiso sokwenziwa kwezityalo?
Ukuthathela ingqalelo oko sikuthethileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukukhetha isibane sokwenziwa kwezityalo kuya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwinto ebesizama ukuyiphumeza. Umzekelo*:
- Ukuntshula kwembewu kunye nokukhula kwezithole: ukuba zikhulile kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuncinci kwelanga, kufuneka ufumane izibane ezikhupha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (35%), obomvu (25%), obomvu kakhulu (25%) kunye nomhlophe (4000K, CRI70, 15%). Kodwa ukuba kukho ukukhanya kwendalo, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (75%) kunye nobomvu (25%) kuya kwanela.
- Ukukhula nophuhliso lwezityalo: Ukuba akukho kukhanya kwelanga, ukukhanya okumhlophe (4000K, CRI70, 80%) kunye nobomvu (20%) kuya kunikwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba kukho, ukukhanya okubomvu (90%) kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (5-10%) kuya kubonelelwa.
- imveliso yeentyatyambo: ukufumana ukuba iqhakaze, ukuba ikhulile kuphela ngokukhanya okwenziweyo, iya kunikwa ukukhanya okumhlophe (4000K, CRI70, 60%), obomvu (20%) kunye nobomvu obude (20%). Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba ifumana ukukhanya kwendalo, ukukhanya okubomvu (60%) kunye nokukhanya okubomvu (20%) kuya kwandiswa; kusenokuba yimfuneko ukuyinika ukukhanya okuluhlaza (20%) kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi.
- Ulwakhiwo: Ukuba akukho kukhanya kwelanga, okumhlophe (4000K, CRI70, 60%), obomvu (30%) kunye nokukhanya okubomvu (10%) kuya kusetyenziswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ukukhanya kwendalo kungena kwigumbi, umhlophe (4000K, CRI70 20%), obomvu (70%) kunye nokukhanya okubomvu (10%) kuya kukwanela.
*Qaphela: olu lwazi lufunyenwe kwiphothali ye-SECOM.
Ukuthenga phi?
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