Xa kuziwa ekuqokeleleni amakhowa, kukho ukudideka okukhulu phakathi kwabalandeli abangaqondi ngokupheleleyo ukuba zeziphi ezona ziphambili. umahluko phakathi kwe-lepiota kunye ne-macrolepiota. La ngamakhowa aneempawu ezahlukeneyo kuba enye yazo inetyhefu ebantwini. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukufunda zonke ezi zintlukwano ukuze ufunde indlela yokuqokelela ngokukhuselekileyo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga nokwahlukana okuphambili phakathi kwe-lepiota kunye ne-macrolepiota, iimpawu zabo eziphambili kunye neengcebiso zokuvuna.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-lepiota kunye ne-macrolepiota
Into yokuqala kukwazi ukuba i-macrolepiotas zizidalwa ezidliwayo ngelixa i-lepiotas inetyhefu. Emva kokuba siyazi umahluko phakathi kwe-lepiota kunye ne-macrolepiota kufuneka sazi ngakumbi malunga neempawu zabo. Iimacrolepiota zezona zityiwayo. Makhe sibone iimpawu zezona sampuli zaziwayo:
Inkqubo yeMacrolepiota
Umnqwazi wakhe mkhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25 cm ububanzi, ekuqaleni i-spherical, emva koko i-convex, kwaye ekugqibeleni ifakwe i-garnet ebonakalayo phakathi. Inecuticle eyomileyo egqunywe ngezikali ezinkulu ezimdaka ngebala kwi-beige okanye imvelaphi emhlophe. I-laminae zininzi, ziqinile, zibanzi, zimile okwesisu, zimhlophe kunye ne-beige xa zikhulile.
Ngokubhekiselele kwisiqu, side, si-cylindrical, sandiswe kwisiseko, kunye nebhalbhu enkulu ekupheleni, i-semi-buried, i-fibrous, i-hollow, i-brown brown ngombala, eyenza ipateni ye-zigzag kwimvelaphi ekhanyayo njengoko ikhula. Umphezulu. Inde, iphindwe kabini, ineringi ye-membranous, ishukuma ekuvuthweni, imhlophe phezulu kwaye imdaka ngasezantsi, inencam ezikrazukileyo. Inenyama ebhityileyo, enqabileyo, emhlophe, ethambileyo phezulu entloko, inefibrous emilenzeni, imnandi kwincasa kunye nevumba.
Le macrolepiota inokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala, emacaleni endlela, imisele, amadlelo, amadlelo, amahlathi e-chestnut, amahlathi epine kunye namahlathi e-cork oak ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.. Ithathwa njengegqwesileyo ekuhleni, ngakumbi kwiinkophe zesampulu ezingekavulwa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba sibheka iipateni zeenyawo, kunzima ukudidanisa kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-genus.
Macrolepiota rhacodes
I-cap yokuqala i-hemispherical okanye i-conical, emva koko ibe yi-convex kwaye ekugqibeleni ivuleke, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwe-mamelon, ngokungafaniyo ne-procera. Ubungakanani bayo buphakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-15 cm ububanzi. Umphezulu wayo ugqunywe ngumbala ongwevu kunye nezikali ezimdaka ngebala, noko zinyukile. Inyama imhlophe kwaye ibomvu xa ihlukana, into ebalulekileyo eyahlula iindidi.
Unyawo lubhityile, lungwevu-ocher ngombala, ngokuthe ngcembe lubonakala elubala. Umsesane wayo uyasuswa kunye nesiseko sayo esine-bulbous. Inokufumaneka ehlotyeni nasekwindla, ngokuqhelekileyo kumahlathi e-coniferous, kodwa nakumahlathi anqabileyo. Le Macrolepiota ithathwa njengomgangatho ofanayo ne-Macrolepiota procera. Nangona kunjalo, inokubhidaniswa nezinye ii-lepiotas inyama yazo ijika ibe bomvu kwaye inokubangela ubuthi obuncinci.
macrolepiota excoriata
Umnqwazi wakhe uyafikelela I-4 ukuya kwi-12 cm ububanzi, ekuqaleni ivaliwe, i-conical ukuya kwi-convex, emva koko ithotywe nge-mamelon encinci.. I-cuticle yayo igqunywe ngamashiti kwaye imiphetho inqabile, ukusuka apho iqhekeka ibe ziinkwenkwezi. Yikhrimu okanye ihazelnut ngombala kunye nemvelaphi emhlophe. Imida yayo ayinamsebenzi, ayiqhelekanga kwaye iphumele ngaphandle.
Iinyawo zi-cylindrical, zibhityile, zigobile emazantsi, zigudile, kwaye zimhlophe ukuya kwi-beige ngombala. Iindandatho zabo zilula, zi-membranous kwaye zihlala zihlala ezinyaweni. Inyama yayo, njengazo zonke ezinye, ibhityile kwaye ikepusi ithambile, kodwa imilenze inemicu. Imhlophe ngombala, inencasa eswiti kunye nevumba elimnandi.
Inokufumaneka lula kwiindawo zokuhlala ezifana namadlelo kunye namadlelo, ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. KUNYEOlu hlobo luthathwa njengolunokutyeka kakuhle, ingakumbi iisampulu eziselula ezivuleleke ngokupheleleyo.
IMacrolepiota yeMastoid
Umnqwazi wakhe uphakathi ngobukhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-14 cm. ububanzi. I-conical okanye i-spherical xa iselula kwaye kamva ikhula ibe yintsimbi. I-cuticle ebudaleni i-cream enemibala ejika ibe mdaka kunye nezikali ezincinci ezimnyama ezisasazwa ngokungacwangciswanga. Embindini, i-mamelon inombala omnyama kuze kube yilapho i-cuticle ihlukana ngokulula kwi-pulp.
Iinyawo ziphakathi, zi-cylindrical kunye ne-fibrous hollow. Kwicala elichanekileyo, lincinci ngokumalunga nesigqoko, lifikelela kwi-18 cm. Ubude kunye nobunzima yi-0,5 ukuya kwi-1 cm. ububanzi. Kwisiseko sayo kukho uphuhliso lwecorm oluvakaliswe ngokufanelekileyo oluthi lujonge phezulu. Umbala weenyawo umhlophe kwaye zigqunywe ngombala omdaka obukhrim ovakala ngakumbi phezulu.
Inyama imhlophe, ithambile kwaye ingqindilili xa iphathwa, ngelixa umnqwazi ubhityile. Inqabile ngokobungakanani, inevumba lomngundo kunye nencasa emnandi kakhulu ethambileyo. Iinyawo zine-fibrous kwaye azihambelani kakhulu.
Luhlobo oluqhelekileyo kwaye lukhula kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokuhlala, njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi ahlukeneyo, ecaleni kwendlela okanye amadlelo. Sinokuyifumana ekwindla, sinokuyibona yodwa okanye kumaqela amancinci, kodwa iyayeka ukubonakala xa imozulu yokuqala ebandayo ifika. Kukutya okulungileyo, kodwa inenyama encinci kakhulu. Iimeko zokuphazamiseka kokutya okungephi zixeliwe.
iilepiotas
Phakathi kweeyantlukwano phakathi kwe-lepiota kunye ne-macrolepiota sibonile ukuba iilepiotas zinetyhefu kwaye ziyityhefu ebantwini. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezona ziphambili:
Lepiota helveola
Umnqwazi ulinganisa phakathi kwe-2 ukuya kwi-7 cm ububanzi. Itshintsha umbala ukusuka kumdaka okhanyayo ukuya kumdaka obomvu kwaye igqunywe kwizikali ezimnyama ezigudileyo ezijikeleze imiphetho, ngaphandle kweediski, ezihlala zigudile.
Ubude obude bonyawo buphakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-5 cm kunye nobukhulu phakathi kwe-0,3 kunye ne-0,8. Ibrittle xa iselula, inoboya, eethe-ethe kwaye ekugqibeleni inomgongxo, umbala ofanayo nowe-cap, kunye nezikali ngaphantsi kweringi. Izangqa zayo ziyi-membranous, zincinci, zikhawuleza, zinyuka kwaye zingaphandle zimdaka okanye zibomvu. Inyama yayo imhlophe kwaye ithanda ukubabomvu, ngakumbi xa yomisiwe okanye ikhutshiwe, kunye nevumba elincinci lomgubo. Inencasa ephakathi.
Inokufumaneka ekwindla emaphethelweni amahlathi kunye neendlela. Luhlobo olunetyhefu kakhulu kwaye lunokubulala. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kolu hlobo luninzi, oluzisa iindaba ezibuhlungu minyaka le.
Njengesindululo, I-Lepiotas ene-cap engaphantsi kwe-intshi ezine ububanzi akufanele iqokelelwe.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nomahluko phakathi kwe-lepiota kunye ne-macrolepiota.