Enye yezona nkqubo zibalulekileyo ze-biogeochemical ebomini beplanethi kwaye yile umjikelo wekhabhoni. Kukujikeleza okwenziwa likhabhoni, ukutshintshiselana ngento kunye neegesi phakathi kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo omhlaba. Oko kukuthi, kukutshintshiselana ngekhabhoni phakathi kwendalo, i-geosphere, i-hydrosphere, kunye neatmosfera. Uhlobo lwekhabhoni lwafunyanwa zizazinzulu zaseYurophu uJoseph Priestley kunye noAntoine Lavoisier. Kunye nemijikelezo yamanzi kunye ne-nitrogen, zezona zijikelezo zibalulekileyo ezivumela ubomi kwiplanethi yethu. Koku kongezwa ukubaluleka kokuba nomoya owenza umhlaba ukuba uhlale.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nomjikelo wekhabhoni kunye nokubaluleka kwawo.
Ikhabhoni yinto ebomini
Ikhabhon yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kubomi. Uninzi lweekhompawundi eziphilayo ezaziwayo ziyabandakanyeka kwizinto ezininzi ezivela kwimvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo. Olunye usasazeko oluqhubekayo lomjikelo wekhabhoni yenye yeli candelo livumela ukusetyenziswa kwalo kwakhona kunye nokurisayikilisha. Ngokufanelekileyo, Iyakwazi ukugcina amanqanaba ezinto ezichongiweyo kubhaliso lwehlabathi.
Zininzi iindlela zekhabhoni kwiindawo ezininzi. Singayifumana kwindawo yogcino lwembiwa yangaphantsi komhlaba kunye nokunyibilikiswa kwekhabhoni emanzini olwandle. Ikwafunyanwa njengekharbon diokbhoni esemoyeni ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwentaba-mlilo okanye ukuphefumla kwezinto eziphilayo. Yiyo le nto kwiinkqubo ezininzi apho izinto eziphilayo zibola zibe ziziphumo zezinto eziphilayo, ubukhulu becala zinekhabhoni njengengxinano yayo. Kwimimandla yokubola njengoko injalo imigxobhozo kunye nomnye umhlaba ubuninzi bekhabhoni.
Ukulungiselela iinjongo zomjikelo wekhabhoni, ezinye zezo dipozithi zithathwa njengeendlela zokutshintshiselana ngale nto. Ubukho bezi ndawo bubalulekile njengoko bukhuthaza ukukhula kobomi okuxhomekeke kwikhabhoni ukuphuhlisa. Ngokubanzi, singatsho ukuba oovimba bekhabhoni abakhulu bekhabhoni yomoya, umxholo wekhabhoni kwimizimba yezinto eziphilayo kwi-biosphere, ikhabhoni ekhoyo enyibilikileyo emanzini olwandle kunye nento ebekwe emazantsi olwandle. Banokufumaneka nakwezinye iindawo ezinje ngee-dipozithi ezifakwe kwi-crust yomhlaba kunye neoyile nakwezinye iindawo zokukhupha i-hydrocarbon.
Umendo wotshintshiselwano lomjikelo weCarbon
Amanqaku otshintshiselwano enza umjikelo wekhabhoni koku kulandelayo:
- Iinkqubo zokubola. Zidipozithi ezinkulu ezibandakanya izinto eziphilayo kwaye zityebile kwikhabhoni. Izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuyo zezona ziphetheyo ukubola nokuziguqula ngokwalo mba. Amandla afunyanwa ngokutshintsha ukukhutshwa kweegesi kwiatmosfera ezifana nemethane kunye nekhabhon diokside.
- Ukuphefumla kunye nefotosinthesisi. Ngokudibeneyo neenkqubo zebhayoloji kunye neze-metabolic, ezi nkqubo zikhupha kwaye zithathe ikharbon diokside ngokulandelelana ukusuka emoyeni. Le dioksayidi yeatmosfera ikhutshwa njengemveliso kwaye ngokulandelelana ibambe i-carbon yomoya. Ikwanamagalelo kwiindlela zayo zebhayoloji. Ikhabhon ephuma kwikhabhon dayoksayidi ilungiswa zizityalo njengenxalenye yefotosinthesisi kwaye ikhutshwa kunye nomphunga wamanzi xa izilwanyana ziphefumla.
- Ukutshintshiselana ngegesi nolwandle. Iilwandle ziyanyamalala ngenxa yentshukumo yemitha yelanga. Yile ndlela owenziwa ngayo umjikelo wamanzi. Kule nkqubo, umphunga wamanzi oveliswayo ukhutshelwa kwiatmosferi kwaye ukhuthaza ukutshintshiselana ngerhasi phakathi komoya kunye nolwandle. Ngale ndlela, ikhabhoni ivumelekile ukuba inyibilike emanzini apho ithathwa njengeplankton yefotosinthesisi.
- Inkqubo yenkunkuma. Intlenga yenzeka zombini emhlabeni naselwandle. Apha, ikhabhoni egqithisileyo kwinto ebolayo ebolayo engafakwanga kwezinye iifom, iya kuthi inyuke iye kufikelela emazantsi olwandle kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo omhlaba. Elinye ikhabhoni lisetyenzwa ngokubola kweefom zobomi. Apha, iifosili, iidipozithi zehydrocarbon okanye intlenga esebenzayo iyenziwa. Ezi zezinye zezizathu zokuba i-oyile ithathwa njengohlobo lwamandla angahlaziyekiyo. Kwaye ukuba inkqubo yokwenziwa kwentlenga yenzeka kwisikali sexesha lendalo.
- Ukutsha kwendalo okanye okwenziwe ngumntu. Iinkqubo zeshishini lomntu kunye nemililo yehlathi ithathwa ngokwemvelo kumjikelo wekhabhoni. Ezi nkqubo zinoxanduva lokunyuka konyaka kwikhabhoni emoyeni. Siyazi ukuba i-carbon dioxide esemoyeni iyinxalenye kuphela ye-1% yobume bomhlaba wonke. Nangona kunjalo, ngowona mlinganiso ngqo wesiphumo sokugcina indlu ukuze usebenze kakuhle. Ngokunyuka kokukhutshwa kwekhabhon diokside ngabantu, umphumo wegreenhouse uyanda. Oku ikakhulu kubangelwa kukutshiswa kwezibaso zefosili kunye nokukhutshwa kweegesi zendalo njengemveliso yomzi mveliso wabantu. Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunokuveliswa kukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo.
Ibhalansi yomjikelo weCarbon
Zonke iinkqubo ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla zenzeka ngaxeshanye kwaye zenza umjikelo wobuthathaka obuthathaka. Kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba xa isenzeka ngaxeshanye, ikhabhoni kufuneka ibekhona kuyo yonke imeko. Inxalenye yezinto ezahluke kakhulu. Ukuphazamisa umjikelo wekhabhoni kuya kuthetha ubuhlwempu beendawo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo emntwini nakubo bonke ubomi.
Kuyaziwa kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa okanye ukuphazamiseka kwebhalansi yomjikelo wekhabhoni kunokukhokelela esiphelweni sobomi njengoko sisazi. Njengoko ubona, umjikelo wekhabhoni ubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lobomi emhlabeni. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nomjikelo wekhabhoni kunye nokubaluleka kwawo.