Ukukhawuleza

Oko sikwaziyo njenge ungxamile Ziseti yezityalo ezibaluleke kakhulu eluntwini, kuba zininzi iintlobo zezinto ezisetyenziswayo, ezinje ngokwenza iibhasikiti, okanye uphahla.

Kwakhona Zibalasele njengezityalo zegadi okanye zethambeka, kuba nangona kuyinyani ukuba abaqhelekanga ukuvelisa iintyatyambo zokubonisa, iziqu zazo kunye namagqabi anokuqaqamba okumangalisayo.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zeengcongolo

Iingcongolo zizityalo ezinerhizomatous esizifumana kwindawo ezishushu nezifudumeleyo zehlabathi, zihlala zikufutshane nemilambo yamanzi okanye kwiindawo ezifumileyo. Iziqu zazo zimi nkqo okanye zinyuka, zixinaniswe, kwaye zihlala zinamagqabi amancinci kakhulu, aluhlaza. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence ezibizwa ngokuba zi-spikes, ezingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezityalo kunye nohlobo lwento nganye ezizezayo.

Baye nabo imonocotilédoneas. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa kuhluma inye kuphela icotyledon ihluma, ekwabizwa ngokuba ligqabi lakudala, kwaye ikhula ngenkqubo engaphezulu, eyenziwe ziingcambu eziphuma kwindawo enye.

Uhlobo oluphambili

Ezona zihamba rhoqo zezi zilandelayo:

ICyperus

ICyperus zizityalo zendalo ezivela kwihlabathi liphela, nangona ezo zivela eAfrika, eAsia naseYurophu zithengiselwa ngakumbi ukuhombisa igadi eSpain. Bangakwazi ukufikelela kubude ukuya kwiimitha ezi-5, kwaye izikhondo zayo ziyisetyhula okanye zinxantathu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo. Ziyadubula ngexesha lentwasahlobo.

Kuxhomekeke kudidi, banokusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ipapyrus yayisetyenziswa ngexesha loofaro ukwenza iphepha (ipapyrus) kunye namantongwe engwe anezilimo eziyizigaxa ezityiwayo.

Phakathi kweentlobo ezaziwa kakhulu esinazo ICyperus rotundus, ICyperus papyrus, ICyperus alternifolius, ICyperus esculentus, ICyperus longus, ICyperus capitatus y ICyperus eragrostis.

UJuncus

Ngokunjalo, ziingcongolo eziyinyani. Zifumaneka ikakhulu kumazantsi eMeditera, kodwa naseMelika naseAfrika. Zikhula ziye kubude obumalunga neesentimitha ezingama-90, kwaye adibeneyo, amagqabi athe nkqo kwaye abhetyebhetye. Ziqhakaza entwasahlobo-ehlotyeni.

Zinokusetyenziswa okuninzi: zisetyenziswa kubhasikidi, ukwenza iisilingi kunye neeheji eziphantsi egadini.

Ezona ntlobo zaziwayo zezi UJuncus maritimus, i UJuncus effusus, i UJuncus inflexus, i UJuncus bufonius kunye UJuncus articulatus.

Iifragmites

Iipragmites, ezaziwa njengengcongolo, zizityalo ezinamazinyo amnyama ezinokuhanjiswa komhlaba wonke. Zikhula ziye kubude obumalunga nemitha enye, kunye neziqu apho amagqabi amade ahluma khona. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence ezihluma entwasahlobo-ehlotyeni.

Zisetyenziswa ngendlela yesintu ukuya ezindlwini zophahla.

Phakathi kweentlobo eziphambili esinazo I-Phragmites australis kunye Iipragmites communis.

I-Scirpus

I-Scirpus, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cattails, zizityalo zonyaka okanye ezingapheliyo ezivela kwihlabathi. Bafikelela kubude obungama-20 ukuya kuma-90 eesentimitha. Amagqabi akunye okanye angenayo ikhaba, eluhlaza ngombala, kwaye iintyatyambo ziyavela ngexesha lasentwasahlobo.

Zisetyenziswa ngakumbi ukuthintela kunye / okanye ukulwa ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, kwaye njengezityalo zonyango.

Phakathi kwezona ntlobo zaziwayo ISchirpus holoschoenus, I-Scirpus maritimus kunye Iscirpus lacustris.

I-Sparganium

I-Asparagus yimifuno engapheliyo ene-rhizomatous stem ekhulisa amagqabi aluhlaza alula, athe tyaba kwaye avulekileyo. Zikhula ziye kubude beemitha eziyi-1-2, Kwaye zifumaneka kwindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo nezibandayo yenyakatho ye hemisphere.

Zisetyenziswa njengezityalo zokuhombisa, kunye nokuthintela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba.

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zezi I-Sparganium erectum y I-Sparganium natans.

UTypha

UTypha, obizwa ngokuba yi-cattails, i-gladios, i-cattails, i-eneas okanye i-cattails, zizityalo ezizalelwa kwimimandla eshushu ye-hemisphere esemantla. Bafikelela kubude obuphakathi kwe-1 ne-3 yeemitha, kunye neziqu ezomeleleyo ezivela kuwo amagqabi amileyo, atshazisiweyo kwaye amade ahluma. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence ezinkulu kakhulu ngexesha lentwasahlobo.

Zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, kunye nezityalo zokuhombisa kumadama okanye kwiimbiza.

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zolu didi zezi UTypha angustifolia, I-typha Rulegensis y UTypha latifolia.

Iminqweno yengcongolo

Njengoko sibonile, kukho izityalo ezininzi ezaziwa ngokuba kukukhawuleza. Inyaniso yeyokuba igama esilinika izidalwa zezityalo lilunge kakhulu, kodwa xa ufuna ukukhangela ulwazi malunga nento ethile, kungcono ukuba ulazi igama lezenzululwazi, kuba oku, ngokungafaniyo nokuqhelekileyo, kuyindalo iphela, kwaye ke isebenza ngokusemthethweni eSpain kunaseAsiya umzekelo.

Kodwa ukuba sihlala siqhelene, kwaye sithathela ingqalelo inani leentlobo zengcongolo, kukho izinto ezininzi esikuthanda ukuba ukwazi:

Usebenze njengendima

Iintlobo ICyperus papyrus Yayisetyenziswa kakhulu eJiphutha ukwenza iphepha. Zonke iintlobo zemibhalo-ngqangi zabhalwa kuyo, iileta, uluhlu, ... yonke into. Namhlanje ithandwa kakhulu njengesityalo segadi.

Banqanda kwaye balwe ukhukuliseko

Nangona ziyimifuno, zomelele kwaye zixinene, ke ziyasebenza xa kusiza kuthintelo kunye / okanye nokulwa ukhukuliseko lomhlaba. Indlela elungileyo yokuzisebenzisa, umzekelo, ukutyala umqolo weengcongolo ezikumda wegadi Okanye, ukuba awuyifuni yonke into, yeyona ndawo isesichengeni.

Ezinye zingamayeza

Iirhizomes zeengcongolo ezithile, ezinje nge ICyperus esculentus okanye i-Scirpus, ngamayeza. Baqokelelwa ekwindla-ebusika, kwaye yome elangeni ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.

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