Yintoni ibotany kwaye ifunda ngawaphi amasebe?

Siphila kwihlabathi elinabantu abazizigidi ngezigidi zezityalo: ukusuka kwingca encinci ephantse inyuke ngeesentimitha ezimbini ukusuka emhlabeni, ukuya kwimithi ebonakala ngathi ifuna ukubamba isibhakabhaka xa ikhula ngaphezulu kwe-40 okanye i-50 yeemitha ukuphakama. Kukho iindidi ezininzi kangangokuba Abantu, beqhutywa kukuthanda ukwazi okungokwemvelo kunye nesidingo sokuba sibenamagama size sihlele-phantse yonke into, siqala ukubachonga.

Okokuqala zazinjalo, kwenzeka njani ukuba kungenjalo, izityalo ezinokutyiwa okoko saqala ukuvela, malunga nezigidi ezi-3 zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Indlela esayisebenzisileyo yayiyimpazamo. Kwakungekho enye! Kodwa kancinci kancinci, njengoko ixesha lihamba, siphucule iindlela zethu, siphuhlisa ubuchule kunye nezifundo ezingqongqo. Le yindlela i izityalo, enye yezona nzululwazi zinomdla kakhulu kwihlabathi, ukuba ndingatsho njalo 😉.

Yintoni ibotany?

Ibhotani yinzululwazi efunda izityalo: iimpawu zazo, imvelaphi yazo, uguquko lwazo, ... yonke into, nkqu nobudlelwane abanabo nabanye abantu abaphilayo kunye neziphumo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga abazibangela kwimeko-bume ezifumaneka kuyo. Ke ngoko, ukuba besinokuchaza ukuba zeziphi izityalo ezenziwa zizityalo, kuya kufuneka sitsho into efana nale: Ukufundwa kwe-algae, fungus, cyanobacteria, kunye nezityalo, kuba enyanisweni, zonke ezi zinto ziphilayo ziyahambelana.

Sifanele sahlule phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini: i-pure botany, ejongene nokufunda ngendalo, kunye ne-botany efakwe, uphando lwayo luluncedo olukhulu kubachwephesha kwezolimo nakwezamahlathi, nakwishishini lamayeza.

Imbali yezityalo

Nangona namhlanje kulula ukudida igadi kunye ne-botany, okanye ucinga ukuba ziyafana, inyani kukuba igadi njengoko sisazi ukuba yeyangoku. Kutshanje ukuba abantu batyale izityalo ukuze bonwabele ubuhle bazo. Ngapha koko, ubungqina bokuqala begadi zokuhombisa zikwimizobo ethile yase-Egypt yonyaka ka-1500 a. Kodwa i-botany ininzi kakhulu 'yakudala'.

Njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni, Abantu kwasekuqaleni babenolwalamano olusenyongweni nezityaloSisoloko sibabandakanya ekutyeni kwethu: abasincedi kuphela ukukhupha iintshulube ngaphakathi, kodwa bakwasinceda ukuba sibesempilweni ... kwaye nesisu esigcweleyo. Kodwa ekubeni kungekho mntu uzalwa esazi, ulwazi lwezityalo ezahlukeneyo luye lwadluliselwa ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye, ekuqaleni lwadluliselwa ngeencoko nakwimiqondiso, kwaye kamva, ngokuqanjwa kokubhala ngo-4000 BC. C., kungekudala emva kwexesha laqala ukubiza izilwanyana zemifuno ezazilungile (kwaye ziluncedo kuthi), kunye nezo ziyingozi.

Ngelo xesha wawungenakucinga ukuba masiye kude kangakanani. Inyaniso yeyokuba abantu bale mihla bangakufumana kunzima ukucinga okanye ukuthelekelela ukuba siza kudibana njani nezityalo kwikamva.

Ibhotani yangoku, yaqala ukukhula kwiGrisi yamandulo, kwaye yaqhubeka ngexesha loBukhosi baseRoma. Lowo uthathwa njengoyise wezityalo, uTheophrastus, washiya imisebenzi emibini ebaluleke kakhulu: Ukusuka kwimbali yesityalo y Ngu causis plantarum. AmaRoma abenegalelo ngaphezu kwako konke kulwazi lwebhotani olusetyenziswa kwezolimo, kodwa kuqikelelwa ukuba ngexesha labo babhala phakathi kwe-1300 kunye ne-1400 yezityalo.

Emva kokuwa kwe-Roma, ngakumbi, ngokufika kwamaXesha Aphakathi, awayeneCawe njengomlawuli wayo ophambili, uninzi lolwazi olwalufunyenwe kude kube lelo xesha lwalungahoywa. Ngethamsanqa, oku akuzange kuhlale ixesha elide: Ngenkulungwane XVII, isuka kwizazinzulu ezibaluleke njengoDescartes, uGalileo okanye uKepler, kwavela isayensi yale mihla, kwaye Iingcali zendalo zaseYurophu zabona elona thuba lilungileyo lokuqhubeka nokufunda ngezityalo kunye nendawo abahlala kuyo.

UCarlos Linneo wayengomnye wabakhulu. Izinto ezintsha ziye zenziwa kulawulo lwerhafu (oko kukuthi, kuhlelo lwezityalo: ucwangco, usapho, uhlobo, iintlobo, njl.) Kuye. Emva kokufunda "uMgaqo woKhetho lweNdalo" nguCharles Darwin, wakwazi ukubaqonda ngcono, kwaye wenza isifundo esigqibeleleyo kubo.

Ukususela ngo-1945, i-botany yanamhlanje yaqala ukuba yinzululwazi efumene ulwazi oluninzi kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuzifumana.

Ngawaphi amasebe afunda ngezityalo?

Funda okuninzi, kodwa okona kubalulekileyo yile:

• I-anatomy yezityalo: ngoyena ujongene nokufunda ubume bangaphakathi bezityalo.
• Zezolimo zaselwandle: funda izityalo zasemanzini kunye nobulembu obuhlala elwandle.
• Ukutyala cytology: ngulo ufunda kwaye aphande iiseli zezityalo.
• I-Phycology: luluqeqesho olunikezelwe kwisifundo se-algae.
• Paleobotany: yisayensi efunda ngemvelaphi kunye nokuvela kwezityalo ezaziphila ngaphambili.

Olunye uqeqesho olunxulumene kwaye olunomdla omkhulu zezi zilandelayo:

• ZoLimo: Ziseti zobuchule kunye nolwazi olusivumela ukuba silime umhlaba.
• I-ecologyIsifundo sobudlelwane babantu abaphilayo, bobabini omnye nomnye kunye nokusingqongileyo.
• Phytopathology: Yinzululwazi efunda izifo ezinokuba nazo izityalo, kodwa hayi izinambuzane.
• Ukulima: isayensi, ubuchwepheshe kunye nawo onke amashishini ahambelana nokuveliswa kwezityalo zokuhombisa kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Zidinga ntoni ukuze ziphile?

Kutheni ibotany ibalulekile? Yenzelwe ntoni?

Ulwazi alwenzeki, kodwa xa kuziwa kwinto esiyaziyo iluncedo kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuyazi ngalo. Ngokubhekisele kwibhotani, oku kubalulekile kuba siyabulela kuyo siyazi ...:

• zeziphi izityalo ezityiwayo kwaye zeziphi ezingekhoyo,
• baziqhelanisa njani nokusingqongileyo kwaye ziguquka njani,
• zeziphi izinto ezinokubanakho (kumayeza, ukuchwela, njl.
• Itshintsha njani imo yezulu kwaye zichaphazela njani ezi nguqu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emhlabeni.

Ngale nto sigqiba iposti. Siyathemba ukuba ufunde lukhulu malunga nebhotani 🙂.