I-Artichokes yimifuno yasebusika kwiindawo ezipholileyo ezifuna ukubanda ukudubula kunye nokuphuhlisa. Yintoni ekhethekileyo ngalo mifuno? Ukuba sondla kwiintyatyambo zayo, kungekhona iingcambu okanye amagqabi. Idubula ukusuka phakathi ekwindla ukuya embindini wentwasahlobo. Ummandla weMeditera ugxile kwi-90% yemveliso yehlabathi. I-Artichokes ithatha indawo eninzi, kwaye ukuba awunayo igadi eninzi, kuyafaneleka ukuyityala kwiibhedi zeentyatyambo ezisisigxina okanye iimbiza ezinkulu. I-artichokes inokudliwa kwii-stews ezininzi: i-steam, i-steam, i-bilisiwe, i-seasoned okanye i-fried, ihlanjwe ngomxube weoli, iviniga, i-garlic kunye ne-parsley. Into engaziwa ngumntu wonke zityalwa nini iartichokes.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siya kuzinikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela xa i-artichokes ityalwe, kufuneka uyenze njani kwaye zeziphi iinkalo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ngaphambi kokwazi ukuba i-artichokes ityalwe nini, siya kwazi ngakumbi malunga nabo. Enye yeendawo ezintle zeartichokes kukuba sinokuzilungiselela ukuba zitye phantse nangayiphi na indlela: ibilisiwe, ifakwe, igayiwe, kwicala le-tortillas, icutshiwe, ihlanjululwe, igalikile okanye iluhlaza kwisaladi.. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, mhlawumbi uya kukonwabela ukutya le mifuno inentyatyambo. Ukongeza koku ngasentla, i-artichokes sisityalo esihle kakhulu sokongeza kwigadi yakho okanye kwigadi.
Xa zivunyelwe ukuba zivuthwe kwaye zidubule, iintyatyambo ziba bomvu ngokumangalisayo. Njengemifuno elungileyo, sinokufumana iimpawu ezintle kwi-artichokes. Phakathi kwabo, sigxininisa ezi ngongoma zilandelayo:
- I-Diuretic, i-toning kunye neempawu ezikhuthazayo.
- Ziyi-choleretic, i-depurative kunye ne-antianemic.
- Ziqulethe iivithamini A, B1, B2, C kunye nePP.
- Kwakhona ziqulethe iiminerali ezifana ne-calcium, i-phosphorus, isinyithi, i-magnesium kunye ne-sodium.
Zityalwa nini iiartichokes?
I-Artichokes idinga imozulu epholileyo, kwicala elipholileyo. Nangona kunjalo, aziyinyamezeli kakuhle iqabaka, kwaye ayikunyamezeli ukutshisa kakhulu iintsuku. Kukulungele ukuqala ukukhulisa i-artichokes ngo-Matshi no-Aprili. Imimandla efana neMeditera ebusika, entwasahlobo nasekwindla idla ngokufanelekileyo kule mifuno. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siya kutyala i-artichokes ngexesha leenyanga ezenza intwasahlobo, ekwindla nasebusika. Ngoko ke phakathi kuka-Epreli noMeyi.
I-Artichokes idinga ukukhanya kwelanga, njengemifuno emininzi. Kodwa hayi kakhulu. Malunga neeyure ezingama-5-6 ngosuku zinokwanela. Nakwiintsuku ezishushu zasehlotyeni, kumnandi ukuzityala kwindawo apho zinomthunzi khona imini yonke.
Uya kufuna indawo njengoko iartichokes zinwenwa ububanzi obuninzi (malunga ne-1m) kwaye zikhula ukusuka kwi-1m ukuya kwi-1,5m ubude. I-Artichokes sisityalo esinzima emhlabeni. Sifuna umhlaba ophazamisekileyo nonomoya. Inobunzulu kwaye ityebile kwi-humus. Kwakhona siya kongeza izinto eziphilayo zezilwanyana, ngokukhethekileyo into ebola kakuhle.
Siya kuyinqanda imihlaba enzima kunye neyomileyo. Ngaphambi kokutyala i-artichokes, kuyathakazelisa ukususa umhlaba nge-tiller yombane. Qinisekisa ukuba umgquba uxutywe kakuhle. Emva kokwenza oku ngasentla, Siya kunkcenkceshela ngokubanzi ukunyakamisa umhlaba endaweni yokuwukhukula.
Iiartichokes zidinga umgquba omninzi. Iindawo ebezifudula zinezityalo zifanelekile. Kodwa ngaphaya koko, kuya kufuneka udibanise izinto eziphilayo. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka ibe yimvelaphi yezilwanyana, njengelindle. Ekuqaleni siya kunika ababhalisi malunga ne-7-10 kg ngemitha yesikwere. Emva koko, njengoko izityalo zikhula, siya kongeza izinto eziphilayo ezenziwe ekhaya, ezifana nomgquba, ubuncinane ekuqaleni.
Iiartichokes nazo zikhetha malunga nokunkcenkceshela. Nangona kunjalo, abanyamezeli amanzi angaphezulu kunye nokugcwala kwamanzi kakuhle. Ngoko ke kufuneka siziphephe. Njengesiqhelo, olona khetho lufanelekileyo lokunkcenkceshela kukunkcenkceshela ngethontsi. Siya kunkcenkceshela zonke iintsuku ezingama-2-3 malunga nemizuzu engama-30-40. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni, siya kwandisa ubuninzi bokunkcenkceshela imihla ngemihla.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-artichokes
Ngoku siyazi ukuba i-artichokes ityalwa nini, makhe sibone indlela ekhula ngayo. Zinokuhlwayelwa ngqo ngaphandle kwimbewu. Nangona kunjalo, sincoma ukwenza ngo-Epreli. Le nyanga ibonelela ngezona meko zemozulu zibalaseleyo ekukhuleni kwayo.
Sifuna ukutyala enye imbewu rhoqo 40-50 cm. Xa ziqala ukukhula, siya kususa iziqu ezibuthathaka (ukuthena). Ukuba sinezithole zeartichoke, izinto ziya kuba lula kakhulu. Siza kulinda izithole ngoMeyi.
Kukulungele ukubeka izithole kumgama we-90cm phakathi kwazo. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba umhlaba uchume kakuhle kwaye une pH emalunga ne 6,5. IArtichokes zinokukhula zibe nkulu. Ngokukodwa xa kunetha okanye kukho amanzi aneleyo. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, unethamsanqa, kodwa ufuna ukuqiniseka ukuba isityalo asisahluli ngenxa yobunzima. Okubalulekileyo, ungasebenzisa izibonda okanye iintonga ukuxhasa i-artichokes, ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ngokufana nezityalo ze-tomato.
Sinokuvuna iartichokes iminyaka emininzi. Ngoko ufuna ukubanyamekela. Iiartichokes zinokuvunwa kwiinyanga ezi-3-4 emva kokutyala. Ixesha lokuqala livelisa intloko enye kuphela kwisiqu esikhulu. Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, iintloko ezininzi ziya kuveliswa kwaye umzi-mveliso uya kuba mkhulu. xa iartichoke khula malunga ne-15cm yesiqu, siyinqumle kwaye siza kubona ukuba inombala omhle. Kubalulekile ukuba ungalindi ukuba intyatyambo, kwimeko apho ingasatyiwa.
Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo
Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba i-artichokes iye yatshintshwa ngabantu ukusuka kwimicu. Ngoko ke, ukuchasana kwayo kunye nokuchasana nezinambuzane kunye nezifo kuya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunoko. Ukufuma okuninzi kunokukhokelela kwizifo zokungunda kunye nezifo zokuzala.
Iintwala zidla ngokufumaneka xa ukunkcenkceshela kuphezulu kakhulu kwaye isichumiso senitrogen sininzi. Iintwala zifumaneka kwiziseko kunye namagqabi athile eartichokes kwaye zingenza umonakalo kwisityalo. Ukufakwa kwencindi ye- neem kuvamise ukuba sisisombululo se-ecological kwintwala.
I-Verticillium wilt ngumngundo oqhelekileyo womhlaba okhula kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye unokuqhubeka emhlabeni amashumi eminyaka. I-Verticillium iyabuna ebusika emhlabeni njenge-mycelium eleleyo, okanye izinto ezincinci ezileleyo ezimnyama ezibizwa ngokuba yi-microsclerotia, ezilindele iimeko ezivumayo ukuba zibuye. Zingena kwizicubu zezityalo ezonakalisiweyo ngeengcambu kwaye zande. Ukhula oluninzi oluqhelekileyo, olufana nedandelions kunye nokhula, isenokuba ziindidi zeVerticillium wilt.
Izityalo ezininzi ezixabisa kakhulu ngokwezoqoqosho zisesichengeni, kuquka umqhaphu, iitumato, iitapile, i-canola, ii-eggplants, iipepile, nezityalo zokuhombisa, kwakunye nezinye izityalo ezihlala kwindawo enezityalo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba i-artichokes ityalwe nini.