Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba zivela phi ii-tulips? Ezi ntyatyambo zintle Azizalwa naseYurophu. nangona ithandwa kakhulu eNetherlands. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, zizityalo zokuhombisa kakhulu ezithe, ngenxa yesi sizathu, ziye zaduma kakhulu kwihlabathi lonke.
Ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nezi zityalo zintle, siza kuchaza kweli nqaku ziphi iitulips kwaye zaziswa njani eYurophu. Ukuba uthanda ezi ntyatyambo kwaye ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi malunga nembali yazo, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
Ziphi ii-tulips ezivela: Imvelaphi
Xa sithetha ngayo i-tulips, sibhekisela kwizityalo eziziintyatyambo ezintle zodidi UTulipa, nto leyo eyinxalenye yentsapho I-Liliaceae. Olu didi lwenziwe ubuncinane ziindidi ezili-125 ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu kuzo ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo zorhwebo. Ngokuchasene noko abantu abaninzi banokucinga ngako Imarike yeentyatyambo yaseAmsterdam, apho i-protagonists ziyi-tulips, Ezi ntyatyambo azikho eNetherlands, kodwa kwi-Asia Ephakathi.
Ngokukodwa, imvelaphi yezi zityalo ifumaneka kwiintaba zaseMongolia. Apho zafunyanwa okokuqala. Ukwandiswa kwayo kwenzeka ngokulinganayo nobukumkani bukaGenghis Khan, de bafikelela kwiintaba zaseTurkey eziseAnatolia. Intsomi ithi phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ebudeni bohambo lwakhe lokuya eIstanbul, iOgier Ghislain de Busbecq yaseOstriya yaseOstriya yabona indoda yaseTurkey inxibe intyatyambo entle enkomeni yayo, intyatyambo eyayingaziwa eYurophu de kwangoko. Ngoko nangoko, umLungu wacela abaguquleli bakhe ukuba bafumane okungakumbi ngesi sityalo singaqhelekanga. Noko ke, bakholwa ukuba uthetha unkontsho, bamxelela ukuba igama lakhe ngu;wenalypen«. Nam ndiyayazi lonto"wenalypenKwavela igama elithi "tulip".
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukulinywa kwe-tulips kwangenelela kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kuphuculwe kakhulu emva kokuqaliswa kwabo eYurophu. Oku kwenzeka ngakumbi eNetherlands leyo ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje isaqhubeka ingomlimi kunye nomthengisi ophambili wezi ntyatyambo kwihlabathi liphela.
Iitulips zafika njani eYurophu?
Kwakusekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX xa iitulips zaziswa eYurophu. Xa belapho, bekungayi kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba babe zizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zabaqokeleli, ngakumbi eNetherlands. Ngoko, Uqoqosho lwamaDatshi lwaluqhuba kakuhle kakhulu. enkosi kwimpumelelo yeNkampani yaseDutch East India. Le yayiyinkampani yokuqala ukwenza iiakhawunti zayo esidlangalaleni kwaye, ngaphezu koko, eyokuqala yezizwe ngezizwe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngelo xesha, yayine-monopoly kurhwebo lwamaDatshi kwilizwekazi laseAsia.
Njengoko sele sikhankanyile, iitulips zafunyanwa eTurkey, ilizwe apho zazigqalwa njengeentyatyambo ezingcwele. AmaDatshi afumanisa ukuba anomhlaba oneempawu ezifanelekileyo zokulima ezi ntyatyambo zintsha zasemzini. Kwakhona bakhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Enye inyani eyonyusa inqanaba le-exoticism kunye nexabiso layo yayikukuchatshazelwa yintsholongwane efakwe luhlobo lwentwala. Ndiyabulela kuye ii-tulips zemibala eyahlukeneyo zafunyanwa.
Nje ukuba ezi zityalo ezingaqhelekanga ziphumelele eHolland, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kwabakho impambano eqikelelwayo kweli lizwe. Oku komelele kangangokuba amaDatshi ade afikelela ekuthengeni iiglowubhu zenyani. Le nto eyenzekayo kunye ne-tulips kunye noqoqosho lwelizwe, obangela i-niche entsha yoshishino, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-tulip mania.
I-Tulipmania: Ishishini le-tulips
Yintoni kanye eyenzekayo kwezoqoqosho kwiitulips eNetherlands? Ngonyaka we-1623, ixabiso leglowubhu enye lalinokufikelela kwiwaka leegiwuda. Oko kwakucaphukisa, xa ucinga ukuba umvuzo wonyaka wawumalunga ne-150 guilders. Ngexesha leminyaka elandelayo ehambelana ne-1630s, amaDatshi ayecinga ukuba ixabiso lezi ntyatyambo zangaphandle alisoze lehla, yiyo loo nto. batyala imali eninzi kwezi zityalo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, inzuzo ngaxa lithile idlule i-450% xa kuthelekiswa notyalo-mali lokuqala.
Abanye abantu bade bade bathengise imizobo exabiseke kakhulu, iifama nezindlu ezinkulu ukuze bafumane ibhalbhu enye. Amaxabiso e-Tulip ayenyuka imihla ngemihla, kwaye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluntu oluphezulu lwamaDatshi luye lwanikezela kolu tyalo-mali. Ngenxa yoko, intengiso yezi ntyatyambo yayikhula yaye ikhula de kudalwe iqamza lezoqoqosho eliphazamisa kakhulu, eyokuqala kwimbali (ubuncinane esiyaziyo).
Ngomnyaka we-1636, iindawo zokugcina abantwana zashiywa zingenabasebenzi ngenxa yobhubhani wesifo se-bubonic owawugquba eNetherlands. Ngenxa yoko, amaxabiso emarike anyuka. Kwaye kunjalo, abathengi be-tulip bagcina ukuboleka imali ukukwazi ukufumana ezi ntyatyambo zixabisekileyo nezixabisekileyo. Abo baphulukene kakhulu ngabo bangazange basibone isiphelo seqamza esiza. Abanye abantu bangene ematyaleni ngaphaya kokukwazi ukungena kwi-bandwagon.
Ekuqaleni konyaka we-1637, abona batyali-mali abanobuchule baye baqaphela iqamza kunye nokugqabhuka kwalo okuza kwenzeka. Ke bagqiba kwelokuba bathengise iitulips zabo ukuba baphume kweli shishini lokuqikelela, ngaloo ndlela ibangela i-domino effect: Abanye abatyali-zimali bakopa intshukumo yakhe kwaye njalo kwada kwavela uloyiko elizweni. Abo bangazange baphendule ngexesha bazifumana bene-tulips ababeyithenge ekuqaleni ngexabiso legolide kwaye babengenakukwazi ukuthengisa ngexabiso elifanayo, nokuba bavale.
Ngale ndlela, iqamza le-tulip mania laphela. Eli shishini latshabalalisa abantu abaninzi baseDatshi kwaye bambalwa kuphela abakwazi ukuzuza ubutyebi kulo, ababethengiswe ngexesha. Nangona i-tulip bubble yenza umonakalo omkhulu, Ezi ntyatyambo zisekhona nanamhlanje enye yeempawu ezimele kakhulu zaseNetherlands.
Ngoku uyazi ukuba zivela phi ii-tulips kwaye yintoni imbali yazo. Ngubani owayenokucinga ukuba iintyatyambo ezintle ngolo hlobo zinokubangela ingxaki engaka? Ngethamsanqa ngoku zifikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye singazonwabela ekhayeni lethu.