I-plum isihlahla sezithelo okuthi, noma singesona esikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, sikwenze ingenye yalezo ezikhiqiza inani elikhulu kakhulu lezithelo, okuthiwa ama-plums, anambitheka emnandi.
Kepha futhi kufanele kuthiwe kungumuthi wokuhlobisa kakhulu. Lapho iqhakaza entwasahlobo, umhlophe wezimbali zawo wenza umehluko omuhle ngokuluhlaza kwamaqabunga awo, futhi sengathi lokho bekunganele, isekela amakhaza alinganiselayo.
Umsuka nezici zeplamu
Isihlahla sezithelo esinqumayo esikhula eSouthern Europe nase Asia Minor. Ikhula ibe phakathi kwamamitha ayi-7 kuya kwayi-10 ukuphakama, futhi inesiqu esiqondile esinomqhele oyindilinga. Emagatsheni kuhluma amaqabunga aluhlaza angaba yi-elliptical, obovate noma ovate-lanceolate. Lezi ziphuzi ekwindla, bese ziyoma futhi ekugcineni ziwele phansi.
Ngentwasahlobo, izimbali zayo ezimhlophe zihluma ngamandla, cishe ngasikhathi sinye namaqabunga. Ziyi-hermaphrodites, futhi zivame ukuvela ngamaqembu wezimbali ezi-2-3, ngasinye silinganisa cishe ama-1,5 cm ububanzi.
Ama-plums avuthwa ehlobo lonke. I nini kuzoya kakhulu ngokuhlukahluka, isimo sezulu nokunakekelwa esikutholayo. Ubukhulu nombala nakho kuyahlukahluka, kepha ngokujwayelekile sikhuluma ngama-drupes angaba ngamasentimitha ama-5 ngokuma komhlaba noma i-ellipsoidal enombala ophuzi, obomvu, onsomi, isikhumba esiluhlaza, njll.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi iplamu ithele izithelo?
Impendulo yalowo mbuzo izoncika kakhulu kwisilimo, nakubukhulu besihlahla. Futhi lesi isihlahla sezithelo esivame ukuthengiswa ngokuxhunyelelwa, ngokunembile, phakathi kwezinye izinto, njengokuthuthukisa ukumelana kwazo nezilokazane kanye / noma izifo noma ukwenza ngcono ukuzivumelanisa nomhlabathi we-limestone, ukusenza sithele izithelo ngesikhathi esifushane. .
Ngakho-ke, ayikho impendulo eyodwa. Izimbali ziyi-hermaphroditic, ngazo, kungenzeka ukuthola imbewu iplamu. Kepha ukuze ithele izithelo kuzofanele silinde eminye iminyaka.
Ukuze wazi okuningi noma okuncane lapho uthela izithelo, kufanele ukwazi lokho:
- Ama-plums atholwe enzalweni athatha cishe iminyaka engu-6-8.
- Ama-plums ahlanganisiwe athatha cishe iminyaka emi-3 (inqobo nje uma okungenani enamamitha ayi-1,5-2 ubude, okuyilokho okuthengiswayo kuvamise ukukala).
Izinhlobo zePlum
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-plums, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:
- Ama-plums aseYurophu: zidinga inani elithe xaxa lamahora abandayo * (azungeze u-700-1000) ukuze zithele izithelo, yingakho zinconyelwa ikakhulukazi isimo sezulu esipholile, ngamahlobo aphansi nobusika obunamazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-zero.
- Claudia
- D'Agen
- Stanley
- uMongameli
- Ama-plums ase-Asia: yilezo ze IPrunus salicina, noma iplamu yaseChina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubuye kube ngumuthi osetshenziselwa kabanzi ukufakelwa iplamu laseYurophu. Zidinga amahora amancane abandayo (phakathi kuka-500 no-900), futhi zivame ukuthela izithelo phambilini.
- I-Formosa
- menthey
- UBomvu Obomvu
- Santa Rosa
Yini ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla seplamu?
Iplamu ngumuthi wezithelo odinga ukunakekelwa okuningana ukuze uphile kahle. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani futhi unikeze ama-plums amaningi, khona-ke ngizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngalesi sihlahla:
Indawo
Kuyisitshalo okumele sibande ebusika, ngakho-ke sizobekwa ngaphandle. Yini enye, kuyadingeka ukuthi imisebe yelanga iwele phezu kwayo, ngoba ngale ndlela izokwazi ukuthuthuka.
Uma sibheka ukuthi ayikhuli kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi siyikhulise ezingadini ezincane, eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu, kungaba njengesibonelo esikude noma emigqeni.
Ingagcinwa futhi ebhodweni, yize kulokhu ngincoma ukuthola iplamu yemifino njengoba ingakhuli ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-2-3 ukuphakama.
Ungatshala kuphi isihlahla seplamu?
Umuthi weplamu awumelani kahle nomoya, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuyibeka eduze kodonga noma uthango lokho kusebenza njengesivikelo.
Futhi, uma uhlala endaweni ebandayo yesimo sezulu, okuhle yilokho uyibeke ubheke eningizimu, ngoba ngale ndlela uzothola izithelo ukuthi zivuthwe kangcono.
Ingatshalwa nini iplamu?
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala lesi sekwephuzile ebusika, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga awo ahlume. Uma kwenzeka kube nesithwathwa sekwephuzile, ungakwenzi kuze kudlule ngoba kungalimala.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kuzoba njalo ehlobo, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseMedithera nakulezo zindawo ezifudumele lapho kunemvula encane. Ngalesi sikhathi kungadingeka ukunisela kathathu ngesonto, ngoba inhlabathi (noma i-substrate, uma ifakwa ebhodweni) yoma ngokushesha; ngakho-ke, kufanele ungeze amanzi aze abe manzi kakhulu.
Phakathi nokuphela konyaka imvamisa yokunisela izokwehluka, ikakhulukazi uma sihlala endaweni lapho kuna imvula njalo. Kepha, ngokuvamile, akudingekile ukuvumela umhlaba uhlale womile isikhathi eside, njengoba isihlahla seplamu singamelani nesomiso.
Umhlaba
- Isibindi: ukhetha inhlabathi epholile futhi ejulile. Ingakhula kwi-limestone ngaphandle kwenkinga, kodwa kungcono ukuqiniseka ukuthi noma ngabe ixhaphaxhapha, imunca amanzi ngokushesha.
- Imbiza yezimbali: uma uzofaka iplamu yakho ebhodweni, kufanele uyigcwalise, ngokwesibonelo, iziqephu ezilungisiwe ezifana nengadi yasemadolobheni (iyathengiswa lapha) noma indawo yonke. Kepha futhi ungabeka ungqimba wokuqala wobumba noma wobumba lwentaba-mlilo, bese ulanda (ukuthengisa lapha).
Umbhalisile
Obhalisile uzokwenziwa ngalezo zinyanga lapho umuthi ukhula khona, okungukuthi, kusukela ekuphumeni kwezimbali namaqabunga entwasahlobo, kuze kufike amakhaza ekwindla / ebusika.
Ngalokhu, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi usebenzise umanyolo ophilayo unyaka wonke. Kumele ugcine engqondweni ukuthi, uma uwukhulisa ebhodweni, kungcono ukufaka umanyolo oketshezi ukuze i-substrate iqhubeke nokumunca amanzi ngokushesha.
Kunezibonelo eziningi zalolu hlobo lomanyolo, isibonelo:
- Umquba wesilwane odlayo: ezinye zinomsoco kakhulu kunezinye. Isibonelo, inkukhu inikeza i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, okuyizakhamzimba ezibalulekile, kodwa futhi nesibabule, i-magnesium ne-micronutrients. I- umquba wehhashi ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphansi nge-nitrogen, futhi iplamu idinga iminikelo yalesi sakhi ukuze ikhule kahle.
- IGuano: kungaba njalo i-bat guano (ezivame kakhulu) noma izinyoni zasolwandle njenge-penguin. Inothile kakhulu izakhamzimba, ngoba iqukethe i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, kanye ne-carbonic kanye ne-uric acid ezovumela umuthi wakho wezithelo ukuba ukhule unempilo efiselekayo. yithole lapha.
- I-Earthworm humusUkusakazwa kweminyundu kucishe kwabola ngokuphelele. Iqukethe izakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium), kodwa futhi ine-magnesium, iplamu engeke nje ikhule ngayo uma ithinta, kodwa futhi izokwazi nokuncela kangcono izakhamzimba. Ithenge lapha.
Lapho ukhokha, landela izinkomba ezisephakeji. Ngale ndlela, akukho zinkinga ezizophakama.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ama-plum avuthwa ehlobo lonke, ngakho-ke kuzoba ngalesi sikhathi lapho kufanele avunwe. Kepha Kumele kwenziwe lapho sebethole umbala wabo wokugcina, futhi lapho sibacindezela ngobumnene sibabona bathambe kancane. Ngakho-ke singazidabula kalula esihlahleni.
Ngemuva kwalokho, zingadliwa ziluhlaza noma zigcinwe efrijini amasonto ama-2-4. Uma uzozigcina kuthempelesha yasekamelweni, ngokwesibonelo kupuleti lengilazi lokuhlobisa, kuzofanela uzidle kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukuphindaphinda
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Salicyna
Iplamu iphindaphindeka ngezimbewu ebusika ngoba kudingeka ukuthi libande ngaphambi kokuhluma, nangokuthi ubumbeko ekwindla noma entwasahlobo.
Imbewu
Ungakwazi tshala ezimbizeni noma emathileyini anezimbobo ngomhlabathi wezithombo. Ngemuva kwalokho, zibekwa endaweni enelanga futhi ziyaniselwa lapho i-substrate ibukeka yomile. Yile ndlela abazohluma ngayo entwasahlobo.
Ukuze uvikele ukutheleleka (okusakazwa yisikhunta), kubalulekile ukufaka impuphu yethusi embhedeni wembewu.
Ubuciko
Ukwenziwa kobuciko beGusset kwenziwa, imvamisa kuzinhlobo ezitholakala embewini. Siqukethe ukwenza ukusika okungu-2cm kwegxolo kusuka egatsheni lesihlahla - ngokwesibonelo, i-blackthorn- esebenza njengesiphunzi, ehlukanisa amagxolo kancane ngommese wokuxhunyelelwa.
Kamuva, kutholakala ucezu lwegatsha leplamu, bese kwenziwa ingxenye yesiphambano lapho inehlumela khona ekugcineni ukwethula lolu cezu, olubizwa ngokuthi i-gusset, esimweni esesike sakwenza ngaphambili.
Izihlahla
Ukuthena kuzokwenzeka ekupheleni kobusika. Kuqukethe ukususwa kwamagatsha omile futhi aphukile, kanye namaswidi. Ingasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ingilazi, isuse lezo ezinqamulelayo, futhi usike lezo ezikhula kakhulu.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-Plum
Isengozini yezilokazane nezifo ezithile, okuyilezi:
- Iplum gall mite: the Ama-phalitecoptes ama-Acalitus Kuyimbuzane ebangela ukwehla kwamaqabunga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaqhuqhuvana ansundu egatsheni.
- Isibungu esibomvu. i I-Panonychus ulmi Kungenye imbuzane eyondla ubisi lwamaqabunga nezithelo. Emacembe sizobona izindawo ezimpunga.
- Ukuhlola: the I-Wilsonomyces carpophilus Kuyisikhunta esikhiqiza izimbobo ezincane emaqabungeni, bese sifaka amabala ezithelo.
- Intwala yaseSan Jose: i-cochineal I-Quadraspidiotus perniciosus yigciwane elithatha ubumuncu bezitshalo. Itholakala emaqabungeni nasemagatsheni aluhlaza, kanye nasezithelweni.
- Izintwala: ama-aphid ezinhlobo ezahlukene alimaza amaqabunga, abangele ukuthi abonakale ekhubazekile futhi enamachashaza, kanye nezimbali, okuwavimba ekuqedeni ukukhula kwawo futhi athele izithelo.
Izinambuzane zingelashwa ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane evunyelwe ukulinywa ngokwemvelo, njenge-potassium insipho, uwoyela we-neem noma i-diatomaceous earth.
Endabeni yokuhlolwa, kungcono ukwelashwa ngamafungicides athwala ithusi.
Isibindi
ipulamu imelana kuze kube -18ºC, kanye no-35-40ºC uma unamanzi onawo.
Ama-plums asetshenziswa kanjani?
Zingadliwa ngokushesha nje lapho seziqoqwe esihlahleni, noma zenziwa ngazo zaba ujamu noma u-ayisikhilimu. Futhi, ama-prune, okungeyona into ngaphandle kwama-prune omisiwe, athandwa kakhulu.
Banenani elikhulu lokudla okunempilo, ngoba ngokwesibonelo amagremu ayi-100 ama-plums aqukethe amagremu ayi-7 we-fiber, ama-2,18 amagremu wamaprotheni, ama-63.88 amagremu ama-carbohydrate, ngaphezu kwamavithamini (A, B1, B2, B3, C, E no-K), namanye amaminerali abalulekile njenge-calcium, i-iron, i-magnesium noma i-phosphorus.
Ngamafuphi, ukuthi umuthi weplamu ulungele ingadi kanye nempilo. Ngabe unesibindi sokukhulisa okwakho?