Kirstnut (Castanea sativa)

El chestnut Yana ɗaya daga cikin bishiyun fruita fruitan itace mafi kyawu a duk yankuna masu ƙarancin yanayi na duniya: ba wai kawai itsa fruitan itacen ta ba, waɗanda suke da daɗi, har ma don ƙimar su da kayan kwalliyar ta. Kamar dai hakan bai isa ba, ɗayan ɗayan shuke-shuke ne cewa, yayin da suke girma, suna ba da inuwa mai daɗi, wani abu da babu shakka ana yaba shi a lokacin bazara.

Kulawarta ba ta da rikitarwa, kodayake gaskiya ne cewa lokacin da yanayi bai yi kyau ba (ma'ana, lokacin da yake da yanayi mai kyau, mai saurin dumi, maimakon sanyi) galibi yana da matsaloli saboda ƙarancin haƙuri ga matsanancin zafi. In ba haka ba, yana da matukar ban sha'awa mu hadu da shi. Kuna zato? 🙂

Asali da halaye

Jarumin mu shine bishiyar bishiyar wacce sunan ta na kimiyya castanea sativa. Asalin asalin kudancin Turai ne da Asiya orarama. Yayi girma zuwa tsayin mita 20 zuwa 30, tare da ɗan ɗan faɗi kambi da gangar jiki har zuwa mita biyu a diamita tare da haushi launin ruwan kasa, ana kuma tsattsagewa a cikin tsofaffin samfuran, kuma santsi a cikin samari.

Ganyayyakin suna da tsawon 8cm zuwa 22cm da fadin 4,5 zuwa 8cm faɗi, kuma suna da kyan gani, tare da ginshiƙan da aka zagaye, da gefe, da ƙyalli a saman sama da ɗan ƙaramin balaga a ƙasan. Launi ne masu launin kore, kodayake a kaka suna yin launin rawaya kafin fadowa.

Fure-fure maza sune katar na tsawon su zuwa 20cm, yayin da na mata ya kunshi salo 7 zuwa 9 a koli na kwai, kuma masu launin kirim. Suna tsiro a cikin bazara.

Y 'ya'yan itacen shine dome subglobose wanda aka rufe da ƙaya har tsawon 11cm. A ciki ya ƙunshi achenes kamar 2-3, waɗanda suke ƙwanƙwan kirji, waɗanda suke auna kusan 2-4cm, suna da siffa mai kwamba, kuma ana iya ci.

Menene damuwarsu?

Idan kana son samun kwafi, muna bada shawara cewa ka samar dashi da kulawa kamar haka:

Yanayi

Itace wacce dole ne ya zama kasashen waje, cikakken rana. Kasancewa babba, yana da mahimmanci a sanya shi a mafi ƙarancin tazarar mita goma daga bango, bango, bututu, da sauransu, kuma aƙalla 6m daga sauran manyan shuke-shuke. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya samun ci gaba mai kyau kuma, sabili da haka, zai zama abin farin ciki idan akayi la'akari da kyanku 😉.

Tierra

• Aljanna: yana girma a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi da danshi, mai wadataccen abu mai ɗanɗano, kuma mai ɗanɗano acidic.
• Tukunyar fure: Ba itace ta tsiro a cikin tukunya ba tsawon rayuwarta, amma a lokacin ƙuruciya kuma yayin da take girma a matsakaiciyar-jinkirin kuɗi, ana iya samun ta ɗaya tare da ciyawa (samo shi a nan) gauraye da 30% perlite (don siyarwa a nan).

Watse

Itacen kirji shuki ne da ba ya jure fari, amma ba ya son ambaliyar da yawa, sai dai, ba shakka, yana cikin yanayi (misali, idan ana ruwa sama da ƙasa sau da yawa a shekara, kuma a daidai inda yake shi ne ruwan yana zama a tsaye kuma kududdufi yana samarwa, itacen ba zai cutar da shi ba. Wani abin kuma zai kasance idan ana ruwan sama ta wannan hanyar akai-akai).

Don haka, don guje wa matsaloli, a kan matsakaita ana ba da shawarar a shayar da shi sau 3-5 a mako a lokacin bazara, kuma sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a mako sauran shekara. Amma a kula, wannan kawai za'a ɗauka azaman fuskantarwa: idan ana ruwan sama sau da yawa a yankinku, ba kwa buƙatar ruwa da yawa; A gefe guda kuma, idan an yi ruwa kadan, maiyuwa ka kara yawan ba da ruwa.

Mai Talla

Yana da kyau a biya shi da shi Takin gargajiya lokacin bazara da bazara, Akalla sau daya a wata. Taki kamar gaban (zaka iya samun sa a garin hoda a nan da ruwa a nan), ko taki kaji (Idan ka samu sabo ne, to ka bari ya bushe a rana a kalla kwanaki 10) suna da wadatar abubuwan gina jiki kuma zasu bashi damar girma sosai.

Idan akwai shi a cikin tukunya, yi amfani da takin mai ruwa, bin umarnin da aka ƙayyade akan akwatin.

Girbi

Ana girbe kirji a ciki fadi.

Yawaita

Sau sau sau sau don tsaba a cikin hunturu. Hanyar da za a bi ita ce kamar haka:

1. Abu na farko da za'a yi shine samun kirji, ko daga itacen kanta ko kuma daga shagon abinci na asali (a wannan yanayin, ɗauki waɗanda ake siyarwa da yawa, na halitta).
2. Na gaba, cika tukunya 20cm tare da ciyawa gauraye da 30% perlite, da ruwa sosai.
3. Bayan haka, yayyafa da jan ƙarfe ko sulphur don hana bayyanar naman gwari.
4. Na gaba, sanya matsakaicin tsaba biyu a cikin tukunyar, sai a rufe su da wani matsakaicin matsakaicin nama don kada su fallasa su sosai.
5. A ƙarshe, sanya tukunyar a waje, a cikin inuwar ta kusa.

Koyaya, da kuma kiyaye substrate mai danshi amma ba ruwa ba, zasu tsiro cikin bazara.

Annoba da cututtuka

• Tawada kirji: cuta ce da fungi ke haifarwa Phytophthora cambivora y Phytophthora cinnamomi. Ya faɗo daga asalinsa zuwa sauran bishiyar, yana haifar da mutuwar ci gaba na ɓarnar ɓarnar da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayoyin da suke ƙarƙashin bawon.
  Don magance ta, dole ne mu yi amfani da kayan gwari masu amfani da jan ƙarfe, amma mafi kyawun abin da za mu iya yi shi ne hana shi ta hanyar sarrafa haɗarin da sayan samfuran lafiya.
• Hare-hare daga kadangare mai gashi (Lymantria ya watse) da kuma ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano (Maganin Euproctis). Lepidoptera ne guda biyu waɗanda ke ciyar da ruwan itacen ganye, musamman masu laushi.
  Za a iya yaƙi da su sabulun potassium o man neem.

Rusticity

Yana ƙin sanyin sanyi har zuwa -17ºCamma na ƙarshen sun cutar da shi. Babban zafi (sama da 30ºC) shima baya son shi. Ba zai iya zama a cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi ba.

Menene amfani dashi?

Baya ga iya amfani da shi azaman itace na ado, azaman keɓaɓɓen samfurin ko cikin ƙungiyoyi, ba tare da wata shakka ba mafi amfani da shi shine itacen itace. 'Ya'yan itacen ta, kirji, abin ci ne, kuma a zahiri suna da ƙoshin lafiya. Darajarta ta abinci a cikin gram 100 kamar haka:

• KaloriKalori: 225 kcal
• Carbohydrates: 44,17g
• Kayan mai: 1,25g
• Amintaccen: 52g
• Vitamin B1: 0,144mg
• Vitamin B2: 0,016mg
• Vitamin B3: 1,102mg
• Vitamin B6: 0,352mg
• Vitamina C: 40,2mg
• Calcio: 19mg
• Hierro: 0,94mg
• Magnesio: 30mg
• Phosphorus: 38mg
• Potassium: 484mg
• Sodium: 2mg
• tutiya: 0,49mg

Menene amfanin kirjin?

Ku ci wasu kirji yanzu da kuma lokaci zai taimaka mana mu kasance cikin koshin lafiya, tunda suna koshi, suna karfafa hakora da kasusuwa, suna kara karfin jijiyoyi, suna kare zuciya, inganta safiyar hanji kuma ana iya cinsu idan aka sami karancin jini kamar yadda yake dauke da sinadarin iron.

Ina fatan kunji dadin abinda kuka koya game da kirjin nut.