Idan kun mai da hankali a cikin karatun ilimin halitta, tabbas kun ji labarin sassa daban-daban na tsirrai. A bayyane yake cewa duniyar shuka tana da girma. Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri-iri, kowanne yana da nasa halaye. To, wasu daga cikinsu suna da gabobin haihuwa. Ko da yake ba sa amfani da hanya ɗaya don haifuwa kamar yadda muke yi, tushe ɗaya ne: suna samar da iri tare da duk bayanan kwayoyin halitta wanda zai haifar da haifar da sabon halitta. Stamen na fure yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan tsari.
Menene su? Me suke yi? Ko da yake mutane da yawa za su ji labarin wannan kalmar botanical, ba kowa ba ne zai san yadda ake amsa waɗannan tambayoyin. Shi ya sa za mu keɓe wannan labarin don mu yi bayani menene stamens na fure, yaya ake rarraba su kuma menene ayyukansu. A takaice: Duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani. A cikin yanayin da kuke sha'awar batun kuma ku masu son ilimin botany ne, Ina ba da shawarar ku ci gaba da karantawa, saboda ainihin ainihin ra'ayi ne a duniyar kayan lambu.
Menene stamens da pistil?
Kamar yadda wasunku suka riga kuka sani, a cikin wasu nau'ikan shuka akwai furanni maza wasu kuma mata. Na karshen suna da nasu bangaren haihuwa, wanda ake kira pistil. Gabaɗaya yana da siffar acorn-kamar kuma yawanci ana samunsa a tsakiyar furen. Dangane da furannin hermaphrodite, wato wadanda suke da gabobin maza da na mata, yawanci ana kewaye da su da stamens.
Amma menene stamens na fure? To, idan pistil ne ga mace. stamen su ne gabobin maza. Waɗannan su ne masu ɗaukar abubuwan da ake kira buhunan pollen. A cikin su, an halicci nau'in pollen, mai mahimmanci don haifuwa da pollination na irin wannan tsire-tsire. Duk stamens na fure suna samar da rukuni mai suna androecium. Ya kamata a ce duka angiosperms da gymnosperms suna da stamens, amma ilimin halittar su yana da ban mamaki a cikin ƙungiyoyin biyu. Duk da haka, muna sha'awar stamens na furanni, wato, na angiosperms.
A cikin irin wannan tsire-tsire, stamens suna da anther, wanda a cikinsa aka halicci nau'in pollen. Saboda haka, shi ne sashin da ya dace na sashin namiji na fure. Wannan anther yawanci ya ƙunshi jimillar jigogi biyu, waɗanda su ne ainihin buhunan pollen. Kowace daga cikin theca ya ƙunshi microsporangia guda biyu, waɗanda ke haɗuwa don samar da wuri guda ɗaya lokacin daca ya kai girma.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa bakararre stamen kuma akwai. Waɗannan ana kiran su staminodes kuma suna bayyana a cikin wasu furanni kawai. Yawancin lokaci suna ɓoye da kyau kuma suna kama da stamens na yau da kullun. Suna da ayyuka daban-daban waɗanda yawanci ke da alaƙa da aikin ban mamaki na petals ko samar da nectar. Suna iya kawai wakiltar fasalin daban-daban tsakanin jinsuna, kamar yadda yake a cikin halittar pahiopedilum Orchids, misali. Bugu da kari, a wasu lokatai suna iya samun tsari mai kama da anther mara aiki. A cikin waɗannan lokuta ana kiran su anterodia.
Yaya ake rarraba stamens?
Da zarar mun bayyana abin da waɗannan gabobin furanni suke, ya kamata a lura cewa akwai ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga cikinsu. Za a iya kasasu stamens na fure zuwa manyan kungiyoyi biyu: connate da adnate. Na farko ana siffanta su da waɗannan haɗaka ko haɗaka a cikin karkace iri ɗaya. A cikin wannan rukuni, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan:
- diadelphos: An haɗa su da wani yanki zuwa tsarin mazaje biyu.
- Monadelphos: An haɗa su cikin tsari guda ɗaya.
- Polyadelphia: An haɗa su cikin aƙalla tsarin mazaje guda uku.
- Ma'ana: Sai anthers, kamar asteraceae, ana la'akari da connate.
A daya bangaren kuma muna da kungiyar adnate. A wannan yanayin, stamens an haɗa su ko kuma an haɗa su cikin ɗimbin yawa, ba kawai a daya ba. Hakanan a nan akwai nau'ikan iri daban-daban:
- Dinamos: Sun tashi a cikin duka nau'i-nau'i biyu kuma suna da tsayi daban-daban.
- epipetals: Suna tasowa daga ciki na ciki na furen, wanda ake kira corolla, wanda ya ƙunshi petals.
- Masana: Sun wuce corolla.
- Saka ko hada: Ba su wuce corolla ba.
- fitowa: Sun fi tsayi fiye da corolla.
- Tetradynamos: Sun taso ne a rukunin da ke da filaye guda shida, wanda biyun sun fi sauran guntu.
Ayyukan stamens na fure
Yanzu da muka san abin da stamens na furen suke da kuma yadda aka rarraba su, lokaci ya yi da za mu yi sharhi game da aikin su. To, kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, waɗannan su ne gabobin maza na tsire-tsire masu fure. Don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne aikinsa shine haifuwa shuka.
Stamen ne ke da alhakin samar da adana pollen, wanda ya ƙunshi dukkan bayanan kwayoyin halittar shukar da ake magana akai. Baya ga samar da shi da adana shi, wadannan gabobin kuma suna taimakawa wajen kai shi zuwa ga kwai na furen mace. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa a iri, mai mahimmanci don samun damar aiwatar da haifuwarsa.
Wani babban aiki na stamens na fure shine na jawo hankalin vectors ko pollinators. Saboda wannan dalili ne yawanci, kamar petals, suna da ban mamaki sosai. Duk da haka, a idon ɗan adam ba koyaushe suke da kyan gani ba. Akwai wasu furanni waɗanda stamens ke da ɗan wahalar ganewa, aƙalla a gare mu. Amma kwari ko tsuntsaye na iya gano su ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Don ƙara ƙarfinsa don jawo hankalin masu pollinators. wasu stamens ma suna samar da nectar. Amma menene ainihin wannan? Magani ne na ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi babban matakin amino acid, sukari da ions na ma'adinai, da sauran abubuwa. Wannan cakuda mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki yana jan hankalin dabbobi da yawa, don haka yana haɓaka damar samun nasarar haifuwa na wannan shuka, godiya ga hanyar pollination.
A ƙarshe za mu iya cewa stamens ne muhimman gabobin ga flowering shuke-shuke. Idan ba tare da su ba ba zai yiwu a aiwatar da haifuwa ta halitta ba, ba tare da sa hannun mutum ba. Don haka yanzu ka sani: kula da su!