Tunda tafarnuwa na ɗaya daga cikin abincin da aka fi amfani da su a cikin abincin Rum, yana da mahimmanci a san yadda ya kamata a shuka shi. Ana amfani dashi ba kawai saboda ɗanɗano ba, har ma saboda yawancin kayan abinci masu gina jiki waɗanda ke da kyau ga lafiyar ku. Yana da kariya mai kyau don abinci kuma yana da kaddarorin rigakafi. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don koyo yadda ake shuka tafarnuwa marasa iri a cikin tukunya domin ya kara muku dadi. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi don girma duka a cikin lambun da cikin tukunya. Yana da wuya yana buƙatar kulawa. Koyaya, dole ne ku san yadda ake shuka su.
Don haka, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku yadda ake shuka tafarnuwa marasa iri a cikin tukunya kuma menene manyan halayen tafarnuwa.
Babban fasali
Tafarnuwa ko allium sativum Ganyen tsiro ne, mai rai da tsatsa wanda ke cikin dangin Liliaceae. Tushensa ya ƙunshi ƙwallo 6-12, bisa al'ada ana kiran tafarnuwa tafarnuwa, da aka haɗa a gindin don samar da wani jiki mai zagaye da ake kira "shugaban tafarnuwa." Kowane "hakora" da kwan fitila an rufe su da fim mai haske. Daga samansa an haifi ɓangaren fiber ɗin wanda ke tsiro da shuka a ƙasa kuma yana ba shi abinci. Da zarar an cire siririn da ya rufe shi, launinsa fari-rawaya ne. Launin fim ɗin ya bambanta daga fari zuwa launin toka. Idan akwai sifar tafarnuwa, ƙanshi ne mai daɗi da ƙamshi.
Launin launi da ke kewaye da tafarnuwa shine abin rarrabewa wanda ke rarrabe nau'ikan uku akan kasuwa:
- Farin tafarnuwa ko tafarnuwa gama gari. Ita ce tafarnuwa da aka fi cinyewa a cikin gidajen Mutanen Espanya don ƙanshinta mai ɗimbin yawa da ƙamshi mai ɗorewa, yana mai sa ta zama madaidaicin kayan girki da yawa. Kamanninsa ya yi fari kuma an raba haƙoransa a keɓe. Ana iya adana shi na dogon lokaci ba tare da buƙatar firiji ba. Girmansa ya fi sauran nau'ikan girma kuma yana iya kaiwa diamita na 10-12 cm.
- Tafarnuwa mai ruwan hoda ko ruwan hoda. Girmansa karami ne, kamannin launi gamut yana da fadi sosai, akwai nau'ikan fure -fure iri -iri. Rayuwar rayuwarsa ta fi ta farin tafarnuwa girma.
- Tafarnuwa matasa. Wannan tsiro ne a lokacin balaga, a ƙarshen hunturu ko farkon bazara. Siffar sa ba ta da ƙarfi kamar ta balaga, wanda ke nuna cewa abinci ne mai taushi wanda aka haɗa tare da sauteed kayan lambu ko tortillas.
Yadda ake shuka tafarnuwa marasa iri a cikin tukunya
Kafin ku san yadda ake shuka tafarnuwa, ya kamata ku sani cewa akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don shuka shi: amfani da tsaba ko shuka wasu ganyen tafarnuwa kai tsaye. Duk da haka, mafi sauƙi kuma mafi yawanci shine shuka tafarnuwa marasa iri, wanda ya ƙunshi binne ganyen tafarnuwa.
Don shuka cloves tafarnuwa, ƙasar dole ne a yi takin kafin. Idan ƙasa tana da haske sosai, ana ba da shawarar ƙara takin mai kyau ko faɗin takin don inganta girbi. Ya kamata ku zaɓi wurin da rana don yana da fa'ida sosai ga tsirrai, amma bai kamata a fallasa shi da zafi mai yawa ba.
Da zarar kun sami madaidaicin wuri da ƙasa don shuka tafarnuwa a cikin tukunya ko lambun, kawai sai ku bi waɗannan matakan:
- Yi ramuka kusan 2,5 cm zurfi, tare da tazarar 30 cm tsakanin su.
- Saka tafarnuwa tafarnuwa a cikin rami ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Yakamata su sami mafi kankancin ɓangaren da ke fuskantar sama domin anan ne tsirrai ke girma. Kowane albasa tafarnuwa yakamata ya zama 15 cm daga mafi kusancin tafarnuwa.
- Yayyafa tafarnuwa tare da ƙasa kuma rufe furrow 2,5 cm.
- Matse ƙasa a hankali don kada aljihunan iska su bayyana kuma ƙasa ba ta da yawa.
- Ruwa tare da yalwar ruwa don jiƙa ƙasa da tafarnuwa tafarnuwa.
Yaushe ake shuka tafarnuwa
Lokacin noman shukar tafarnuwa da lokacin da zai yi girma ya dogara da yanayi. Idan kuna zaune a yankin sanyi, yakamata ku shuka tafarnuwa a ƙarshen hunturu, in ba haka ba tafarnuwa za ta daskare. Idan kuna zaune a cikin yanayin yanayi, zaku iya shuka shi daga farkon hunturu zuwa ƙarshe. Misali, shuka tafarnuwa a Spain ana iya yin shi daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu na shekara mai zuwa.
Ta wannan hanyar, girbin tafarnuwa a Spain yana farawa a watan Afrilu ko Mayu kuma yana wanzuwa har zuwa farkon watan Agusta, ya danganta da lokacin da aka shuka tafarnuwa. Girmansa yana kusan watanni 3-5. Tafarnuwa tsiro ne mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ke da babban dacewa ga yanayi daban -daban kuma yana iya jure sanyi na hunturu da kyau, amma ba zai iya tsayayya da bushewar watan Agusta da zafi ba. Saboda haka, yawanci ya fi kyau shuka a watan Nuwamba.
Ofaya daga cikin tambayoyin da ake yawan tambaya shine lokacin yin ruwa. Tunda ana girma a lokacin hunturu, galibi tafarnuwa baya buƙatar shayar dashi saboda lokacin sanyi ne, ana riƙe danshi sosai, kuma ana yawan samun ruwan sama akai -akai. Koyaya, a cikin hunturu ko bazara waɗanda suka bushe sosai, ana ba da shawarar shayar da su kaɗan gwargwadon tsananin fari. Jiƙa ƙasa yana da kyau, amma bai kamata ku wuce ruwa ba, saboda kwan fitila na iya ruɓewa.
Ga sauran, babu sauran kulawa da tafarnuwa. Wannan shuka yawanci yana da ƙananan matsalolin kwari, kodayake wasu tsutsotsi na iya mamaye kwan fitila. Don gujewa waɗannan matsalolin gwargwadon iko, yana da kyau a sami rigakafin rigakafin cutar a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu, lokacin da dumin ɗan ƙaramin zafi ya fara.
Girbi da kiyayewa
Ruwa abu ne mai matukar muhimmanci wajen dasa tafarnuwa. Ruwa mai yawa ko zafi yana son ci gaban fungi Magungunan Phytophthora, wanda ke lalata ganye, mai tushe da kwararan fitila. Ringworm na tafarnuwa ƙaramin tsutsa ne wanda zai iya buɗe tashoshi a cikin kwararan fitila da ganye. Don sarrafa ta, lura da bayyanar ƙwai a ƙarƙashin ganye kuma cire su.
Girbi yana faruwa watanni 4-5 bayan shuka, lokacin da kashi uku cikin huɗu na shuka ke rawaya. A daina shayar da tafarnuwa makonni biyu kafin girbi, wannan yana taimakawa bushewa da tsafta. Don girbi tafarnuwa, cire ganye kuma cire shuka gaba ɗaya. Wani lokacin kwan fitila yana da tushe sosai, don haka yana da kyau a raba ganye da kwan fitila yayin girbi kuma a ɗan sassauta ƙasa kusa da shi don guje wa hakan.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da yadda ake shuka tafarnuwa marasa iri a cikin tukunya.