Abarba, wannan fruita deliciousan itacen thata thatan itacen da ake ci koyaushe lokacin bazara da faɗuwa, ya tsiro ne daga abubuwan ban mamaki abarba, wanda ilimin kimiyya aka fi sani da "abarba comosus".
Wannan tsire-tsire ya ƙunshi bromeliad na duniya wanda ke Kudancin Amurka, wanda yana samar da rosette na lanceolate, ganyen fata, wanda yayi kusan tsawon 1m. Furanninta, masu kyau masu launi tsakanin ruwan hoda da ja, sun zama abin al'ajabi na gaske, tunda an haɗa su cikin ƙananan maganganu masu kamannin karu, waɗanda aka buɗe su na tsawon wata ɗaya don a ruɓe su.
Bayan an lalata shi, ‘ya’yan itacen sun fara nunawa haifar da Berry, wanda idan ya girma ya kai tsakanin 7-10cm a faɗi da kusa da 30 cm a tsayi. A cikin 'ya'yan itace akwai ɓangaren litattafan almara, wanda yake rawaya ne a launi, yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da ɗan kaɗan acidic kuma yana da ƙamshi mai daɗi.
Halaye na Abarba Shuka
Abarba tsire-tsire ne na asalin wurare masu zafi, daga Kudancin Amurka, wanda baya ga ƙanana, yana da yawan rayuwa, mai daɗi da rayuwa, ban da samun tushe da aka kafa ta hanyar ƙaramin ƙungiyar ganye da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da rosette.
Wannan tsiro yana da tushen iri biyu, na farko sune tushe mai ban sha'awa, wadanda gajeru ne kuma na sama, tunda mafi yawansu suna girma ne a gindin tushe kusan 15cm daga ƙasa; na biyu sune tushen asalin, waɗanda suke da ɗan tsayi kaɗan, suna kaiwa zurfin kusan 60cm har ma fiye da haka.
Har ila yau, abarba abarba tana da gajere, gaɓoɓin jiki, wanda ake ajiye sinadarai masu amfani da ganyayyaki a ciki.
Wannan tsiron yana da ganyaye wadanda suka kai tsakanin 50-150cm a tsayi, wadanda suke da juriya, lanceolate, fibrous, suna da siffar takobi, suna lullube da an shirya su a karkace a kusa da tusheBugu da ƙari, suna da gefuna masu haƙori waɗanda, dangane da iri-iri, ƙila ba su da ƙafa.
Zai yiwu launi na ganyayyaki mai launin kore ne mai haske mai haske da duhu, amma, akwai wasu iri dake da launuka masu launi, waxanda suke da cakuda da shunayya, ja, azurfa da / ko rawaya. Hakanan, fuska da kuma bayan ganyen an lullube su da wani siririn siririn azurfa wanda baya barin hasken rana ya wuce ta kuma suma suna da yanke mai kauri wanda yake hana shi yin danshi.
Yayin da lokaci ya wuce gajeriyar furenta tana kara tsayi tana fadada kuma a kusa da ita sun tsiro da ƙananan ƙananan furanni masu tsabtacewa, dukansu suna ɗauke da ƙarami ɗaya, wanda zai iya zama kore, ja, ko rawaya, a cikin kogon da sabbin furanni suka tsiro.
A tushe na abarba yana ci gaba da girma kuma yana haɓaka da'irar taƙaitaccen gajeru a saman sahun furannin kuma duk furannin wannan na hermaphroditic ne, don haka suka zama masu takin kai kuma duk da cewa lokacin flowering bai tabbata baAna amfani da homonin tsire a kasuwanci tare da manufar haɓaka ba kawai furanni ba, har ma da yayan itacen su.
Kula da Shuka Abarba
Kula da abarba ba galibi aiki ne mai sauƙi ba, tunda kasancewa tsiro mai zafi, Ya dace cewa haɓakarta tana faruwa a wuri mai yanayi mai ɗumi kuma inda babu sanyin sanyi, tunda akasin haka, yana yiwuwa ya gamu da babbar illa lokacin hunturu ya iso.
Saboda wannan dalili kuma yayin da muke da tsire-tsire abarba ya zama dole a bi abubuwan kulawa masu zuwa:
Yanayinka
Abarba abarba yakamata ta kasance a waje, musamman a cikin wuri mai inuwa mai inuwa.
Yawancin lokaci
Dole ne ƙasa ta sami a mafi kyau duka malalewa, ban da samun ƙananan pH (4,5-5,5).
Wucewa
A lokacin bazara da bazara, ya wajaba a sa kasar gona kowane kwana 15 inda shukar take amfani da takin zamani wanda yake dauke da sinadarin potassium da nitrogen.
Watse
Dole ne a shayar da shi duk lokacin da kasa ta bushe, wanda yawanci kusan kowane kwana 2-3 ne lokacin bazara da kusan kowane kwanaki 5-6 don saura na shekara.
Lokacin shuka da / ko dasawa
Lokaci mafi dacewa don dasawa ko dasa shukar abarba galibi a bazara.
Tsarin shuka
Akalla 30x60cm.
Girbi
An gama girbin 'ya'yan itacen bayan watanni 15 da shuka shi.
Rusticity
Yana da tsire-tsire mai matukar damuwa da yanayin sanyi, wanda mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki ya ƙunshi 15ºC, kodayake yana iya jurewa 5ºC na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Daga cikin kwari da cututtukan itacen abarba sune:
Mites, sikeli da nematodes
Abarba irin ta abarba, wacce aka fi sani da "Red gizo-gizo", Yawanci yana ciyarwa ne a kan asalin ganyen 'ya'yan wannan shukar.
Yana da kwaro mai rikitarwa a cikin dogon lokaci, tunda za'a iya canza musu wuri zuwa tushe, wanda zai hana abarba abar haifuwa kuma kodayake mite gizo-gizo ba kwaro ne mai mahimmanci ba, yana da matukar dacewa muyi maganin sa a lokaci don kauce wa matsalolin gaba. Hakanan, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nematodes waɗanda suke shafar wannan shuka, tare da lalata tushenta ta hanyar haifar da kulli da ruɓewarta.
Etwaro da ƙwayoyi
Akwai yiwuwar hakan ƙwaya mai ƙanshi zama babbar matsala ga waɗanda ke da tsire-tsire abarba, tunda yawancin tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da cutar da ake kira "gummosis" ke jawo su, wanda ke faruwa yayin da tsiron da ya ji rauni ya fara fitar da wani abu mai laushi.
A nasa bangaren, beetles na ratsa 'ya'yan samari don kwan ƙwai a can. Hakanan, ƙwayoyin mealy suna cin abinci a gindin ganyen wannan tsiren suna haifar dashi kuma kamar haka, suna iya haifar da tushen ya ruɓe, wanda kuma, yana rage samar da fruitsa fruitsan itace.
Rus fashewa
Cuta ce da ake yawan samu, wacce yana faruwa ne saboda naman gwari kuma yana faruwa ne yayin lokacin saurin haɓakar waɗannan tsire-tsire.
A yadda aka saba, mafi yawan alamun cututtuka sune ganye wanda yake canza launin rawaya kuma a wasu lokuta ya kai ga necrosis kuma daga baya ya zama bazuwar gabaɗaya. Bugu da kari, 'ya'yan itacen na iya shan bazuwar stemwaronta yana nuna haske a kusa da inda ganyen ya ke toho. Baya ga wannan, tushen ya zama mai taushi kuma ya faɗi yayin ƙoƙarin cire tsire-tsire.
Ganyen Tamale
Kwayar cuta ce, wacce kai tsaye kai tsaye mafi saurin girma. Yawanci yakan faru ne yayin lokutan canjin yanayi inda akwai yanayin zafi mai yawa. Yana shafar duka ganyaye da tushe, yana haifar da ɗan canza launi a cikin duka, kuma yana yiwuwa kuma 'ya'yan itacen suna tara ammoniya a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara.
fusarium
Yana da duniya-yadu yada naman gwari, wanda ke tashi sakamakon babban ɗumi da matsalolin tushe.