Rayayyun halittu da, a wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire, suna da hanyoyi daban-daban don haifuwa. A gefe guda, muna da haifuwa ta jima'i wanda ake aiwatar da shi ta hanyar gametes kuma, a daya bangaren, haifuwar jima'i. The haifuwa a cikin tsire-tsire ya fi kamanni kuma an san shi da sunan haifuwar ciyayi.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da haifuwa na asexual a cikin tsire-tsire da halayensa.
Mene ne asexual haifuwa a cikin shuke-shuke
Haihuwar jima'i ko na jima'i da ke faruwa a cikin wasu dabbobi, tsire-tsire, da sauran kwayoyin halitta kuma ya haɗa da rabuwa da kwayoyin halitta ko sassan jikin mutum wanda ya haɓaka kuma, ta hanyar mitosis, yana da ikon samar da wata kwayar halitta iri ɗaya. Irin wannan haifuwa na iya faruwa tare da iyaye ɗaya kawai kuma baya buƙatar shigar da ƙwayoyin jima'i ko gametes a cikin tsari.
Irin wannan haifuwa ita ce kawai nau'i mai yuwuwar haifuwa a cikin mafi sauƙi kwayoyin halitta kamar kwayoyin cuta. Daga cikin su akwai tsarin rarraba ko binaryar fission wanda uwar tantanin halitta ya kasu kashi biyu ko fiye. A cikin yeasts unicellular da fungi, wannan tsari, wanda ake kira budding. yana haifar da samuwar ƙaramin toho wanda ke tsiro a cikin asalin halitta har sai ya karye. A cikin wasu tsoffin dabbobi masu yawa, irin su soso ko riga-kafi, ana yin rarrabuwa ta hanyar buds.
Rarraba tantanin halitta ko mitosis da ke faruwa a cikin manyan dabbobi suna da kama da tsarin tsagewa, amma ba a la'akari da tsarin haifuwa ta jima'i. A cikin tsire-tsire ana iya lura da hanyoyin haifuwa guda biyu, jima'i da asexual. A cikin mafi girma shuke-shuke, jima'i haifuwa ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar iri, yayin da haifuwar jima'i yana da hanyoyi iri-iri.
Nau'in haifuwar asexual a cikin tsire-tsire
A cikin tsire-tsire, irin wannan nau'in haifuwa na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban na haifuwa. To menene tsarin haifuwa na asexual a wannan yanayin? Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan haifuwar asexual a cikin tsire-tsire:
- Stolons: siraren mai tushe wanda ke samuwa tare da saman ƙasa, waɗannan mai tushe suna samar da saiwoyin sarari, wanda sai ya haifar da sababbin mutane.
- Rhizomes: Waɗannan tsire-tsire ne masu girma marasa iyaka waɗanda suke girma a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko sama da ƙasa kuma suna samar da saiwoyi masu tasowa waɗanda sabbin tsire-tsire za su girma.
- Yankan: Su ne sassa ko sassan tushen tushen da ake samar da sababbin mutane. Don yin wannan, dole ne a binne yankan a cikin ƙasa kuma ana iya bi da su tare da hormones.
- Graft: Ya ƙunshi shigar da buds a cikin tsagewar tushen tsiron da aka kafe. Wannan abu ne na al'ada a cikin itatuwan 'ya'yan itace.
- Sporulation: Su ne ƙananan buds waɗanda ke iya yadawa daga tushe. Yana da kama da bryophytes da ferns.
- Parthenogenesis: daidaikun mutane suna gudanar da samar da iri ba tare da takin ovule ba.
- Bugawa: Rabe-rabe ne wanda bai dace ba wanda buds, lumps ko bumps ke tasowa akan shukar iyaye. Waɗannan, yayin da suke girma da haɓaka, na iya rabuwa da babban shuka kuma su zama sabbin mutane, amma iri ɗaya ne.
- Yada su: Ta hanyar samun tsire-tsire iri ɗaya, ana iya ƙirƙirar sabbin tsire-tsire waɗanda suka dace da wasu yanayi, tsari mai sauri da inganci. Saboda wannan dalili, irin wannan nau'in yaduwa ya dace da yanayin da bai dace da yaduwar iri ba.
- Ganye da asalinsu: A wasu nau'in, ganye na iya hayayyafa da ganyayyaki. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire suna tsayawa ga ganye har sai sun sami ci gaba sosai kuma ana iya raba su. Daga nan sai su fadi kasa, inda suka yi saiwoyi. Wannan kuma yana faruwa ga tushen gutsuttsura.
- Ciwan maniyyi: Kwayoyin halitta suna samar da spores, masu ƙanƙanta da sauƙi tarwatse, kuma idan ta sami yanayi mai kyau, takan haifar da sababbin mutane. Sporulation yana kama da ferns da bryophytes.
Misalai na tsire-tsire tare da haifuwa na asexual
Kamar yadda muka nuna a baya, akwai tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire, ya danganta da nau'in haifuwa da suke amfani da su. Wasu tsire-tsire da ke haifuwa ta hanyar jima'i sune:
- Kalanchoe: Succulents ne, yawanci ana yaduwa daga tsiro ko ganyen da suka ragu. A gaskiya ma, yana da sauƙi a sake haifar da su. A cikin waɗannan posts muna nuna muku +40 Kalanchoe da kula da shuka Kalanchoe.
- Tulips: Yawancin lokaci suna haifuwa da tsire-tsire ta kwararan fitila, waɗanda masu tushe ne na nama waɗanda sabbin tsire-tsire suke girma a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Kuna iya koyo game da kwararan fitila 15 a cikin wani labarin, da kuma yadda ake kula da tulips a cikin tukwane a wani labarin.
- Zakoran hakora: Yawancin lokaci suna haifuwa ta hanyar jima'i ko ta hanyar spores.
- Cypress: Yawancin lokaci suna haifuwa ta hanyar jima'i (da wuya) ta hanyar haifuwar namiji na jima'i, inda suke samar da ƙwayar pollen diploid wanda ke haifar da tayin lokacin da ya kai mace kamar wata cypress.
- Dahlia: Ita ce tsire-tsire na perennial kusa da sunflower, ana yaduwa ta tubers
- Brachiaria: Shuka na kowa a cikin wurare masu zafi, yana haifuwa ta apomixis.
- tsoro: Ita ce tsiro na dangin Brachiaria da yankuna masu zafi. Yana haifuwa ta hanyar asexual ta apomixis.
- Cenchus: ganye ne na yanayin zafi da zafi wanda ke haifuwa ta hanyar apomixis.
- Koren algae: Su ne babban rukuni na algae da ke haifuwa ta hanyar spores, samar da daidaitattun mutane. Ƙara koyo game da su a cikin wani labarin game da menene kore algae, halaye, iri da misalai.
- Rake: Ita ce tsiro da ta shahara sosai saboda tana samun sukarinta daga gare ta. Yawanci yana yin kwafi ta hanyar dasa guntuwar mutanen da suka gabata. Daidai, sauƙi na yadawa yana ba da damar cin kasuwa.
- Albasa: Yana daya daga cikin shahararrun tsire-tsire na kasuwanci da ci kuma ana noma shi a duk faɗin duniya. Dalili ɗaya shine, albasa cikin sauƙin haifuwa ta hanyar tarkace.
- Malamadre ko Ribbon Shuka: Tsire-tsire na cikin gida wanda ke samar da sababbin mutane daga tushe da rassan. Ana la'akari da tsire-tsire masu cin zarafi da tsire-tsire. Anan mun gaya muku yadda ake kula da masana'antar tef.
- Gladioli: Halin da ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan haɓaka halaye daban-daban dangane da amfanin gonakin da aka fallasa su. Suna iya haifuwa ta hanyar budding.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, haifuwar asexual a cikin tsire-tsire na iya zama mai ban sha'awa sosai idan ana batun samun damar haifuwa da yawan mutane don inganta yawan amfanin gona. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da haifuwa na asexual a cikin tsire-tsire da halayensa.