Mun san Botrytis kamar wani naman gwari da yake polyphagous wanda ke da yawan shuke-shuke masu daukar bakuncin kuma a lokaci guda ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya, saboda haka yana da alhakin ruɓewar launin toka a cikin yawan albarkatun gona masu matukar mahimmanci ga tattalin arziki, kamar yadda lamarin yake na blueberry, da strawberry, da kiwi, da itacen inabi ko kuma tumatir.
Wannan ya ce, akwai rahoto wanda ya wuce wannan Nau'o'in shuke-shuke 1400 waɗanda Botrytis suka lalata, na kusan mutum 596, a cikin kimanin iyalai 170.
Bayani da halaye na Botrytis
Botrytis shine naman gwari sananne saboda kasancewa ɗayan manyan masu alhakin babba asara a cikin amfanin tumatir.
Babban sakamako yana faruwa ne saboda an sami asara mai yawa a cikin aiki, tunda furanni suka faɗi kuma bi da bi saboda lalacewar da aka yi kai tsaye ga 'ya'yan a cikakkiyar ci gaba, kazalika da ƙarancin ingancin kasuwanci da kuma saboda ruɓewar girbi.
Alamun Botrytis akan tumatir
Wannan shine naman kaza cewa yana iya shafar mai tushe, petioles, ganye kuma kuma a cikin fruitsa fruitsan itacen da suka lalace ko kuma bi da bi.
Akwai bayyanar wasu raunuka na ruwa a cikin kowane tushe daga cikin shukar, wanda yake biye zuwa wasu na jiki da kuma raunukan necrotic wadanda suke da sautin launin ruwan kasa mai haske, wanda kuma a daya bangaren sune suna da ikon murƙushe wani ɓangare ko kuma shaƙe ƙwaƙƙwaran abin da aka faɗa inji shuka.
Ana iya gani cututtukan necrotic waɗanda ke kewaye da aureole na chlorotic kuma yawanci muna samun su a cikin takaddun bayanan tare da sura mai kama da V.
Don sanin cewa tsiron mu yana fama da cutar necrosis a cikin furanni, fruitan itace occursan itace ke faruwa haka nan kuma haɓakar ruɓaɓɓen ruwa a cikin fruitsa fruitsan itacen da har yanzu ba su balaga ba.
A cikin 'ya'yan itacen cikakke zamu iya lura da ƙananan rawaya, raunin necrotic tare da siffar yanki wanda ke karɓar sunan fatalwar tabo, wanda ke da ma'auni tsakanin uku zuwa kusan 10 mm a diamita.
Hakanan zamu iya ganin nau'in launin toka mai launin toka mai launin toka sama da waɗancan kwayoyin parasitic. Wannan wani naman gwari ne wanda yake yawan fitowa a wasu lokuta saboda kasancewar kwayoyi wadanda suke iya samar da adadi mai yawa.
Menene hawan keke na naman gwari?
Este ya rayu a matsayin tsire-tsire a kan tarkacen tsire-tsire kuma a lokaci guda yana iya yin bayani dalla-dalla tsarin da ba zai iya jurewa kamar sclerotia ba, wanda ke bacci a ƙasa don ya rayu.
Gabaɗaya, yaɗuwar conidia yana faruwa ne saboda aikin ruwan sama, igiyoyin iska da kuma iska. Wadannan spores a lokuta da yawa ana daukar su da nisa ta hanyoyin iska.
Don kamuwa da waɗancan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suke cikakke suna buƙatar tushe mai kyau wanda ke ba su ƙarfiMisalin wannan shine busasshen itacen da ya faɗi a kan ganyayyaki ko mai tushe, saboda haka ya zama gama gari ga wannan kamuwa da cuta ya fara a cikin furannin. Wata hanyar da wannan naman gwari zai iya amfani da ita don harba tsire-tsire na iya zama raunukan da aka samu ta hanyar datse shi da kyau.
Da zarar an ce nama yana kamuwa sabon kayan spore ana samarwa, wanda wataƙila zai fara sake zagayowar kamuwa da cuta.
Ta yaya za mu iya sarrafa Botrytis?
- Rage kasancewar danshi a cikin kowane amfanin gona, rage ko kaucewa yayyafa ban ruwa.
- Tabbatar da kyau ta kowane amfanin gona.
- Cire gabobin da suke cuta.
- Rage amfani da takin nitrogen.
Yana da matukar mahimmanci kasancewa a saman bishiyar tumatir domin iya ganin cewa tumatir ba ya fama da kowace irin cuta ko naman gwari, tunda girbe tumatir ba zai yiwu ba.