Kamar yadda yake a duniyar dabbobi da kuma a duniyar shuke-shuke akwai nau'ikan da yawa, ƙungiyoyi da jinsuna, a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma. Musamman, ƙwayoyin cuta suna da fa'ida sosai don fa'idodin su daban-daban: Cyanobacteria. Yawancin lokaci suna da alaƙa da algae da ruwa da shuke-shuke masu ruwa da launuka masu launuka.
Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittu sun kasance masu mahimmancin gaske a matakin muhallin halittu da na juyin halitta. Gano shi babbar nasara ce a duniya game da tsire-tsire. Idan kana son karin bayani game da cyanobacteria, halayensu da fa'idodin su da cutarwar su, ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin.
Menene cyanobacteria kuma a ina aka same su?
Daga cikin kwayoyin akwai phyla ko nau'uka daban-daban, ɗayansu shine cyanobacteria. Waɗannan suna da ikon aiwatar da hotuna na oxygen, a cikin abin da suke samun wutar lantarki daga ruwa, ta yadda suke sakin iskar oxygen a matsayin kayan masarufi. Saboda sune kawai prokaryotes da zasuyi hakan, galibi ana kiransu oxyphotobacteria.
Na dogon lokaci, an san cyanobacteria da suna cyanophytic algae, wanda a zahiri yana nufin "shuɗi shuke-shuke," ko cyanophytes, wanda ke fassara zuwa "shuɗin algae." Amma a cikin Mutanen Espanya sau da yawa an sanya su azaman shuɗi-kore ko shuɗi-koren algae. Bayan gano bambance-bambance tsakanin kwayoyin eukaryotic da prokaryotic, an gano cewa akwai kawai wadannan prokaryotic algae, saboda haka sunan cyanobacteria.
Akwai wasu manyan halaye na cyanobacteria wanda muke son haskakawa. Kamar yadda muka riga muka fada a baya, su prokaryotic ne kuma unicellular. Kari akan haka, suna rayuwa ne a cikin yankuna a cikin duniyoyin duniyoyi, zanen gado ko filaments. Wani fasali don haskakawa shine mafi yawan mazaunin sa shine kasar ruwa da ruwa. Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa sanin cewa suna da ikon rayuwa a yanayin zafi da ƙananan yanayi. Game da haifuwa, ana aiwatar da wannan ta hanyar rarraba filaments dinsu. Kodayake kasancewar cyanobacteria yana da matukar alfanu ga halittu, amma wasu nau'ikan suna samar da wani abu mai guba wanda zai iya cutar da wasu halittu masu rai wanda yake da mahallin daya.
Habitat
Wuraren da aka fi sani tsakanin cyanobacteria sune waɗancan yankuna na lentic, wato, tafkuna da tafkuna, ban da matattun kututture, bawon itaciya da ƙasa mai danshi. Hakanan, wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan halophilic ne kuma suna rayuwa a cikin tekuna. Sauran, a gefe guda, suna da yanayin zafi kuma suna rayuwa a giza-gizan.
Da yake cyanobacteria sun tsufa, abubuwan da suka zo mallaka suna da yawa. Kodayake ba su da matukar buƙata dangane da mahalli, suna da dangantaka da ruwa. Zamu iya samun wadannan kwayoyin a doron kasa da ruwa da kuma yankunan da suke da yanayin zafi mai yawa ko kadan. Cyanobacteria na iya ƙirƙirar kyawawan tsare-tsare har ma suna zama cikin najasa.
Cyanobacteria: Misalai
Kodayake akwai cyanobacteria da yawa da muke da su a yau, za mu haskaka kawai kaɗan. Misali zai zama ana kiran kwayoyin Aphanizomenonfls-aquae. Ana samun waɗannan a cikin ruwa mai ɗaci da na gishiri. Menene ƙari, An girma don amfani da su azaman taki, ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyi, ko don abinci. Wani misali kuma shine kwayoyin da ake kira arthrospiraplatensis, wanda ake kira Spirulinas. Suna da yawa gama gari a cikin wurare masu zafi da raƙuman ruwa. Kari akan haka, zamu iya samun su a cikin ruwa wanda sinadarin carbonate yake da yawa.
Cyanobacteria: Fa'idodi da cutarwa
Kamar sauran kwayoyin cuta, cyanobacteria suna da mahimmancin muhalli da cigaban halitta. Ta hanyar aikin daukar hotuna masu daukar hoto, suna bayar da gudummawa sosai ga iskar shakawar yanayi. Baya ga wannan muhimmin aiki, sune kadai kwayoyin da zasu iya gyara nitrogen na yanayi. Wannan karfin yana da mahimmanci ga wadancan halittu wadanda suke rayuwa cikin alamomi tare da cyanobacteria, yayin da suke samar da sinadarin nitrogenous da suke bukata. Daga cikinsu akwai fungi, protozoa, da wasu tsirrai. Gaskiyar gaskiyar shine cyanobacteria basu da bangon kwayar halitta a cikin lichens, suna aiki kamar chloroplasts wanda ke samar da abinci ga abokin zamansu.
Haka kuma, hada nitrogen a cikin kasa yana sanya su kyakkyawan zabi ga takin mai magani, tunda sun inganta ingancin kasar gona. Bugu da ƙari kuma, cyanobacteria sune na farko dangane da samar da chlorophyll A da B da sauran launuka masu ɗauke da hotuna. Hakanan sune magabatan chloroplasts a cikin tsire-tsire na ƙasa da algae.
Koyaya, dole ne mu manta da hakan wasu nau'in cyanobacteria suna samar da wasu gubobi masu haɗari ga sauran halittun da suke rayuwa a muhalli daya ko suke shan ruwan da ake samun wadannan kwayoyin. Guba da suke samarwa na iya zama nau'uka daban-daban:
- Cytotoxic: Suna kai hari kan sel.
- Ciwan ciki: Suna kaiwa hanta hari.
- Neurotoxic: Suna kai hari ga tsarin mai juyayi.
Duniyar masu ilimin tsirrai suna da fadi da ban sha'awa sosai. Kowace kwayar halitta tana bayar da gudummawar iyawarta don halittun halittu suyi aiki kuma a kiyaye su. Cyanobacteria, duk da gubobi da zasu iya samarwa, ɓangare ne na mahimman bayanai waɗanda ba zai zama iri ɗaya ba tare da su. Don kaucewa canje-canje da zasu iya haifar da bacewar nau'ikan halittu marasa adadi na kowane nau'i, dole ne mu kula da duniyar.