Cytokinins

Hannun kwayoyin sun hada da wasu da ake kira cytokinins. Ya zama gama gari a same su a cikin kayayyakin kasuwanci don noma, kamar yadda zasu iya taimakawa wajen kara inganci da yawan 'ya'yan wasu tsire-tsire. Wannan saboda babban aikinta shine rarraba sel.

Dukda cewa phytohormones suna karatu sosai a yau kuma ana amfani dasu akai-akai don amfanin gona, mutane ƙalilan ne suka sani cewa tsire-tsire suna da nasu hormones. Don bayyana shakku game da cytokinins, za mu yi sharhi a cikin wannan labarin menene su, abin da suke yi, menene aikace-aikacen su a matakin noma da kuma wanda ya gano su.

Menene cytokinins?

Har ila yau an san shi da cytokinins, cytokinins sune phytohormones, wato, haɓakar shuka, wanda makasudin sa shine inganta rabe-raben kwayoyin halitta da banbancin su. Sunan waɗannan yana da asali a cikin kalmar "cytokinesis", wanda ke da alaƙa da tsarin rabewar ƙwayoyin halitta. Wadannan kwayoyin halittar suna da mahimmanci don samuwar gabobi a cikin tsirrai da kuma tsarin tsari daban-daban na ilimin lissafi, kamar wadannan:

• Mamayar Apical (tsarin girma)
• Bikini
• Yawan tsufa
• Tsarin rigakafi (juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta)
• Apoptosis (an tsara mutuwa)
• Haƙuri da kariya game da shuke-shuke

Menene cytokinins suke yi?

Na dogon lokaci, manoma suna amfani da phytohormones daban-daban don magance amfanin gonarsu. Daga cikin taimakon, suna amfani da IBA don kafewa, 2,4-D a matsayin maganin kashe ciyawa da ANA don rage girman 'ya'yan itace. Idan suna son inganta ci gaban shuka da ‘ya’yanta, yawanci suna amfani da gibberellins kamar su gibberellic acid, yayin da ethephon akan saba amfani dashi don balagar‘ ya’yan da faduwar gabobin.

Game da cytokinins, amfani da su a matakin aikin gona yana ƙaruwa da kaɗan kaɗan. A yau akwai samfuran kasuwanci da yawa waɗanda dabarun sarrafa su ke da tasiri sosai. Amfani da shi mai yiyuwa ne a cikin kowane nau'in kayan lambu, inabin tebur, shuke-shuke masu ban sha'awa, bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace da ƙarin albarkatu. Game da matakin martani na kowane shuka, wannan takamaiman kuma ya dogara da dalilai daban-daban, kamar lokacin aikace-aikace ko shekarun shuka. Wani sanannen fasalin waɗannan phytohormones shine ayyukanta suna da girma sosai, saboda haka allurar data wajaba tayi ƙasa.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Auxin

Babban maƙasudin lokacin amfani da cytokinins a cikin aikin noma shine kara girman, yawa da ingancin 'ya'yan itacen. Nan gaba zamu tattauna game da aikace-aikacen da ya fi na kowa.

Riƙon Frua Fruan itace da girma

Akwai nau'o'in kayan lambu da yawa a ciki cytokinins suna da alama suna ƙarfafa fruita fruitan itace ko riƙewa, musamman a cikin masu nama. Ana inganta wannan tasirin idan ana amfani da gibberellins da auxins a ƙananan haɗuwa a lokaci guda.

A matsayin muhimmin bangare na ci gaban 'ya'yan itace masu nama da maras nama yana faruwa ne ta hanyar rabewar sel na kayan jikinsu, cytokinins suma suna da mahimmiyar rawa a wannan yankin. Lokacin da ake gudanar da waɗannan phytohormones a lokacin da rabewar sel yafi ƙarfi, 'ya'yan itacen ƙarshe sun zama mafi girma, wanda ya ƙare da samun kyakkyawan sakamako kan amfanin ƙasa da ƙimar amfanin gona.

Shuka girma

Kodayake amfani da gibberellic acid yana ba da saurin tsire-tsire, ana amfani da cytokinins sosai. Waɗannan suna da amsa mai jinkiri amma mai ƙarfi. Suna shirya shuka don samar da 'ya'yan itace da furanni. Hakanan aikace-aikacen cytokinins sun fi tasiri yayin da tsirrai ke cikin yanayin damuwa. Kari akan haka, sanya wadannan phytohormones din ga kayan marmari a lokacin da suka balaga na iya sake kunna amfanin gona, don haka tsawaita shi da kiyaye shi.

Developmentaddamar da buds a kaikaice

Daga cikin aikace-aikacen da yawa na cytokinins shine shigar da buɗaɗɗen toho a kaikaice a cikin nau'ikan tsire-tsire daban-daban. A wasu halaye wanda mamayar gwal ta wuce gona da iri, yin amfani da cytokinins na iya rage wannan ikon ta wani bangaren kuma ta haka ne zai haifar da tsiron gabobin gefe.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Ilimin halittu kanana

Formation da kuma rarraba hotunan hotuna

Kamar yadda cytokinins ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samuwar chloroplasts, su ne kyakkyawan zaɓi don inganta hotuna. Ta hanyar su, alal misali, hada kwayoyin chlorophyll da aikin enzymes ana motsa su.

Rage tsufa

Kuna iya cewa tsufa yayi daidai da tsufa. Cytokinins yawanci suna da alaƙa da samar da chlorophyll. Saboda haka, ƙananan yara suna da babban aiki da matakin wannan phytohormone. Dukansu saboda damuwa da tsufa, gabobin na iya rasa ikonsu na kula da yanayin rayuwa. A sakamakon haka, tsire-tsire suna haɓaka ƙananan cytokinins.

Furewar iri

Matsanancin matakan cytokinins suna haɓaka abun cikin su lokacin da tsarin shuka ya ƙare, yana ƙara motsa shi sosai. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan phytohormones suna da ɗan tasiri akan aikin yayin da ake amfani da sauran kwayoyin kamar yadda gibberellic acid tare ko a baya.

Wanene ya gano cytokinins na tsire-tsire?

Binciken cytokinins ya kasance kwanan nan kuma manyan bincikensa an yi su ne daga shekarar 1950 ta Miller da Skoog. Waɗannan masanan biyu sun gano cewa wasu takamaiman takamaiman tsire-tsire sun kasance masu ƙarfin haɓaka rabe-raben sel.

Sabili da haka, waɗannan phytohormones suna haɓaka yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna kula da haɓakar ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire waɗanda aka haɓaka a cikin vitro. Jim kaɗan bayan wannan binciken, Miller da Skoog suka faɗi hakan godiya ne ga daidaituwa tsakanin auxins da cytokinins waɗanda gabobin shuka zasu iya samarwa. Dukansu masana kimiyya sunyi gwaji tare da albarkatun taba kuma sun nuna cewa babban tsarin cytokinin ya fi dacewa da samuwar kara, yayin da babban auxin ya fifita samuwar tushe.

Hakanan Cytokinins suna taka rawar gani banda kasancewarsu masu kula da sabon samuwar gabar. Bugu da kari, suna tsoma baki a cikin danniyar mamayar kwalliya, a yayin bude stomata da kuma hana tsufa da ganyayyaki.

Kamar yadda zamu iya gani, ilimin tsirrai shine duniya gaba daya wacce daga kowace rana zamu iya koyon abubuwa da yawa. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi ko gogewa tare da samfuran da ke ƙunshe da cytokinins, kuna iya barin mana sharhi.