Daga cikin dukkan kwari da ake iya samu a cikin kayan lambu na kayan lambu, wadanda suka hada da nau'ikan tsire-tsire, irin su dankali, tumatir da kwai, da kabeji, farin kabeji da kuma juye-juye da sauransu, shine sanannen dankalin turawa.
Bewaron dankalin turawa ɗan ƙwaro ne mai ƙarfi kuma ɗayan ƙwaya mai saurin tashin hankali akan ganyen shukar dankalin turawa. Dalilin shine saurin ci gabanta da kai hari, wanda zai iya kawo ƙarshen girbin waɗannan tubers a hankali.
Menene irin ƙwaro dankalin turawa?
An kira shi dankalin turawa kuma sananne ne a kimiyyance kamar Leptinotarsa decemlineata, zuwa wata kwari mai halayyar kwari a cikin gonakin dankalin turawa daban-daban, kai musu hari kuma a wasu lokuta ma suna kawo karshen rayuwar shuka.
Yana da ƙwaro wanda yake ɓangare na dangin chrysomelid kuma ana iya ganin sa a ko ina a duniya inda ake noman dankalin turawa, wanda baya ga zama kamar kwaro, yana da yaduwa sosai a duk duniya.
Yankin asalin wannan ƙwaro abin ban sha'awa ba shi da alaƙa da yankin da ya samo asali dankalin turawa, baya a Upper Peru, a Kudancin Amurka, amma sun dace da hanya mai sauri da kuma musamman zuwa wannan shukar mai gina jiki, wanda shine wanda ya maye gurbin tsire-tsire masu gina jiki na waɗannan kwari, wanda yafi shiyya. Wannan shi ne abin da ya haifar da yaduwar sa zuwa wurare daban-daban a doron kasa inda ake da albarkatun tuber.
Ayyukan
Hali na farko wanda yawanci aka san shi cewa shuke-shuken dankalinmu suna da wadannan beetles, shine za mu ga kwari da jiki gabaɗaya a raye.
Waɗannan na iya samun kusan ratsi rawaya da baƙar fata kusan 10 a babansu na sama, yayin da a ƙarshen ƙwaninsu za mu ga kawunan su ya fito, daga ɗan ja zuwa inuwa mai haske kuma tare da wasu launuka masu launuka masu duhu akan babba. Game da ma'auninta, tana iya samun tsayin da ba zai wuce milimita 10 ba.
Wani mai binciken Arewacin Amurka, masanin ilmin halitta da kuma ilimin kimiyyar halittu da aka ambata shine ya fara bayanin wannan ƙwaron da yake amfani da albarkatun tuber Thomas Say, ta hanyar harbe-harben da ya yi na samfurin da aka samo a cikin shahararrun Dutsen Rocky, wanda ya faro daga Alaska zuwa arewacin Amurka.
Sake bugun
Abin da ya fi dacewa da irin wannan ƙwaro kuma abin da aka fi la'akari da shi a matsayin abin damuwa ga waɗanda ke shuka dankalin turawa a duniya, shine gudu da kuma babban damar da zasu haifa.
Kwancen waɗannan ƙwayoyin na faruwa a ƙasan ganyen kuma kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙwayoyin na iya kwance, Kwai 5 zuwa 20 a kowace ganye, kimanin ƙwai 2000 a kan ganyaye daban-daban na daya ko fiye shuke-shuke.
Wadannan ƙwai, idan aka kalli ɗan adam, ana iya fahimtar su da sauri a ƙasan ganyen kuma wannan yana da nasaba da gaskiyar cewa suna bambanta a kore da launin rawaya ko kuma lemun tsami na musamman.
A yayin da muka hango wani abu mai ɗan haske kusa da waɗannan wuraren lemu, za mu fuskanci tsutsa daga wannan kwari. Waɗannan sune waɗanda zasu haifar da lahani musamman ga shuke-shuke, kamar yadda zasu kasance sune wadanda, da zarar kwai suka kyankyashe, zasu fara ciyar da ganyen shukar domin cigaban su.
Yadda ake gane gaban dankalin turawa?
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, duka ƙwai da ƙwayarsu a matakan ci gaba, kuma bayan ƙyanƙyashewa, za a daidaita su a ƙasan ganyen, don haka yin bincike na lokaci-lokaci a wannan gefen wadannan ganyayyaki zai zama hanya madaidaiciya don gano cewa wadannan ƙwayoyin dankalin turawa suna cin su.
Wani mahimmin abin da zai tabbatar da cewa waɗannan suna aiki akan amfanin mu, zai zama hakan za mu ga ganyayen nibbled, Har ila yau, samar da curl, wanda yana daya daga cikin alamun bayyanar cututtuka a cikin ganyen kowane irin tsire-tsire lokacin da suke fuskantar barazanar wata annoba.
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, ba za a iya ganin wannan ƙwaro kawai a cikin noman dankalin turawa ba, amma kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a duk wasu salo na tsire-tsire masu rai irin su tumatir da eggplant, haddasawa a cikin waɗannan duk wasu lalacewar waɗanda bisa ƙa'ida na iya samun yanayin ilimin lissafi.
Bewaro dankalin turawa na iya haifar da mummunan lahani ga duk amfanin gona na waɗannan tubers da sauran hasken rana. Kamar yadda muka sani, an rarraba dankalin turawa a duk duniya, samun tsire-tsire a kowace ƙasa a duniya, don haka wannan ma ya sa aka rarraba wannan ƙwaro a nahiyoyi 5.
Turai ta koya game da ikon annoba wannan ƙwaro sakamakon sakamakon mummunar lalacewar da wannan kwari ya haifar a yankunan Amurka, don haka zai kasance a cikin shekaru 30 zuwa 40 lokacin da aka fara yin taka tsantsan, amma to yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya ne ya haifar da rashi hankali ga waɗannan annoba.
Irin ƙwaro dankalin turawa na iya lalata irin wannan tsiron kusan gaba ɗaya. Lalacewar ganyenta a bayyane yake, tunda ba kwaron kawai yake amfani dasu ba har ma da tsutsarsa. Za ku yi mamakin sanin cewa tsutsa biyu na waɗannan coleopterans na iya ciyarwa a kan kilo guda na ganye kuma cewa mace ɗaya a cikin amfanin gona na iya shafar rabin hectare na shuka na shekara guda cikakke.
Wannan saboda wadannan beetles galibi suna ciyarwa akan foliar epidermis, yana barin kawai petioles da yankin a cikin cibiyarsa, a ƙarshe yana haifar da tsirar ta bushe.
Wata matsalar da masu noman tuber ke fuskanta ita ce babu wani nau'in mai farauta ga wannan nau'in kwaro. Wannan yana da nasaba da gaskiyar cewa wata aba ce ta sihiri a yawancin sassan duniya, wani abu da ya haifar da ita ba ta da abokan gaba na asali, haka kuma ba ta da masu farauta a yankunan asali.
Jiyya
Karba su da hannu
Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan farko da zaku iya yi, kasancewar kuna da tasiri, shine ci gaba da zafin nama da kuma tumɓuke ƙwayoyin beet ɗin da suke tafiya a hankali a cikin shuke-shuke. Wannan shi ne mafi sauki don aiwatarwa a rana, dumi lokacin da kwari basa ɓoyewa.
Sai a bar su a cikin kwantena da sabulu da ruwa, hakan zai kawar da wannan kwaro cikin sauri da sauki. Duk da yake yana iya zama mafi kyau a kashe manya, ku tabbata kun sami tsutsa mai yawa kamar yadda ya kamata, kamar yadda suke lalata mafi lalacewa.
Shawagi jere na rufewa
Layin layuka na iyo na iya taimakawa kare tsirrai daga kwarin kwari. Yi amfani da keɓaɓɓiyar madawwamiyar ruwa mai iyo kuma amintar da kayan zuwa ƙasa tare da ƙasa ko kayan abinci.
Tabbatar cewa kar a rufe shuke-shuke a yankin da suka girma a baya, tun wadannan kwari zasu iya mamaye cikin kasadon haka kuna iya samun mamayewa a ƙarƙashin murfin layin iyo idan ba ku yi hankali ba.
Tarkuna
Wani nau'i na kariya shine shuka shuke-shuke da ke jan hankalin waɗannan kwari. Idan kunyi tarko a kewaye da lambarku, ƙwaro zai mallaki rundunar farko da suka gani. Wannan na iya jinkirta yaduwar sa.
Duk tsire-tsire masu masaukin da suke jin daɗin cin abincin zaiyi aiki azaman tarko ne, gami da sauran dangi. Solanaceae, kamar ƙasa ceri, nettle, tumatir da strawberry, su ne waɗanda aka nuna.
Tsarin rayuwa na dankalin turawa
Don sanin ƙwarin dankalin turawa da kyau, zamu iya ambata hakan tsarin rayuwarta tsakanin wata daya ne da kwanaki 40 da wanzuwa. Lokacin da ƙyanƙyashe ya faru, tsutsa za su ci abinci a matakin farko a saman ganye, suna nuna launin ja sosai, wanda zai iya zama haske yayin ci gaba.
A wannan ci gaban za su lalata ganye ta hanyoyi daban-daban, bisa manufa ciyar da tsutsarsu sannan kuma, lokacin da suka kai ga canzawarsu zuwa girma, za su ci gaba da wannan aikin na lalacewar shuka. Suna iya samun ƙarni da yawa a shekara.