Tabbas tun yana yaro makaranta ta koya muku game da danyen danyen ruwan da aka sarrafa na bishiyoyi. Ruwan danyen shine cakuda ruwa da gishirin ma'adinai wanda ake amfani da shi don shuka don samar da abinci. Makasudin shine isa ga ganyayyaki kuma ana ɗaukar wannan jigilar daga tushe daga cikin bututu masu kyau waɗanda ake kira tasoshin katako. Bayan tsari na samarwa, ana samar da ruwan inabin, wanda shine abin da ake amfani da shi don ciyar da shuka.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da danyen da aka sarrafa.
Abin da ke samar da danyen ruwan inabi da sarrafa ruwan
Sap ana kiransa wani abu mai ruwa wanda ake canjawa ta wurin rayayyun kayan shuka, kuma kayan aikin tsirrai na ɗaya daga cikin ƙwayoyin tsirrai da yawa da ke wanzu. Saboda samar da ruwan tsami, tsirrai na iya ƙirƙirar tushen abincin su. Amma menene ke haifar da ruwan? Ruwan shuka ya ƙunshi gishiri da yawa na ma'adinai, amino acid, da hormones. Duk da haka, wannan sinadarin ruwa yana kunshe da ruwa, musamman 98%, kodayake wannan na iya bambanta daga nau'in zuwa wani.
Akwai tsutsotsi iri biyu da ake samu a cikin tsirrai: danyen danyen da ruwan da aka sarrafa. Halin asalin ruwan inabin shine cewa an kafa shi a cikin tushen kuma ana jigilar shi ta hanyar xylem zuwa sauran tsiron. Bayan tsarin photosynthesis, sai ya zama ruwan tsami mai taushi, wanda phloem ke ɗauke da shi daga ganyen zuwa tushen.
Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa don haɓaka haɓakar tsirranmu, samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mafi yawan nau'ikan ya zo daidai da lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi. A saboda wannan dalili, mafi yawan pruning ana yin sa a cikin hunturu don gujewa asarar wannan muhimmin abu don rayuwar shuka.
Iri
Ana fitar da iskar ruwan ta hanyar kayan aikin shuka: xylem da phloem. Kowannen su yana da alhakin safarar sabulun guda biyu:
- Ruwan ruwa: Wani abu ne mai ruwa -ruwa wanda tushen sa ke samarwa wanda ke jan ruwa da gishirin ma'adinai. Ana ɗaukar wannan daga tushen zuwa ganyayyaki a cikin kwantena na katako.
- Ƙaddamar da SAP: Shi ne sakamakon sauyin asalin ruwan ruwan bayan tsarin photosynthesis. Saboda phloem, ana jigilar shi zuwa sabanin haka, yana jigilar abinci daga ganyayyaki kuma mai tushe ta hanyar jigilar jijiyoyin jini har sai ya isa tushen ta cikin jijiyoyin jini. Ruwan da aka sarrafa shine ainihin abincin shuke -shuke saboda ya ƙunshi ba kawai gishiri da gishiri na ma'adinai ba, har ma da masu sarrafa sukari da tsirrai.
Ayyuka na danyen ruwan inabi da ruwan inabi da aka sarrafa
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, shine ainihin abincin da tsirrai suke da shi. Don wannan, muna da nau'ikan ayyuka iri -iri kamar masu zuwa:
- Babban aikin ruwan tsami shi ne ciyar da shuka don ya bunƙasa kuma yana aiki yadda yakamata.
- Ruwan ruwan yana da alhakin jigilar abubuwan gano abubuwa da macroelements zuwa ganyayyaki don photosynthesis, don haka yana jigilar abinci zuwa duk sassan shuka.
- Da zarar an canza wannan kayan zuwa ruwan da aka sarrafa, ana iya amfani dashi ba kawai azaman abincin shuka ba, har ma a matsayin tushen abinci ga dabbobi har ma da mutane. A zahiri, ana amfani da wasu nau'ikan ruwan 'ya'yan itace da nau'ikan shuke -shuke daban -daban ke samarwa don kayan aikinsu na magani. Misali, ruwan birch sananne ne.
- Da taimakon ruwan, shuke -shuke na iya inganta nasu thermal tsari ta hanyar transpiration na ganye da mai tushe na tsire -tsire.
Zagaya saman bishiyoyin
Godiya ga xylem, ruwan ya isa kofin kuma ya shawo kan jigilar ta hanyar nauyi. Ta wannan bututun, ruwa da ma'adanai gishirin bishiyoyin da aka kama daga ƙasa da kansa ana jigilar su zuwa ƙarshe don isa ga dukkan sassan shuka, gami da kambi.
Xylem da phloem suna da alhakin safarar ruwan. Danye danyen ruwan da ke ratsa xylem yana da doguwar tafiya zuwa duk wuraren xylem kuma yana ba da ganyayyaki abubuwan gina jiki. Su ke da alhakin mafi yawan photosynthesis, don haka suna juyar da shi zuwa ruwan da aka sarrafa, wato, cikin carbohydrates. Ana ɗaukar wannan ta phloem, wanda ke da alhakin tabbatar da jigilar abubuwan gina jiki. Daga qarshe, wannan tsiron da aka ƙera da kyau zai ɗauki abinci zuwa sauran tsiron ta hanyar kishiyar hanya.
Bambance -banbance tsakanin danyen ruwan inabi da sabulun sarrafawa
Babban banbancin da ke tsakanin su shine danyen shi ne hada gishiri na ma'adinai da sauran abubuwa, yayin da aka sarrafa shi ya kunshi glucose, ruwa da ma'adanai na photosynthetic.
Ana jigilar jigilar danyen mai ta hanyar xylem, wanda ya ƙunshi narkar da abubuwa kamar ruwa, abubuwan ma'adinai da masu sarrafa girma. Yana motsawa daga tushe zuwa ganye ta cikin bututu mai ƙarfi. Ana canza wannan ruwan zuwa ganyayyaki, inda photosynthesis ke canzawa zuwa ruwan da aka sarrafa. Hanyar sufuri ta haifar da cece -kuce a tsakanin masana kimiyya.
An canza shi daga asalin samuwar sa daga phloem zuwa tushe a cikin koren ganye da mai tushe. Ya ƙunshi ruwa, sugars, amino acid, bitamin, Organic acid, narkar da ma'adanai da masu sarrafa shuka.
A wannan yanayin, ana samun isasshen hasashen matsin lamba azaman dabarar sufuri don ruwan da aka yi magani. Ana ɗaukar shi ta hanyar phloem, wanda wani nau'in tsiro ne na jijiyoyin jini, wanda zai iya kwarara ta bangarorin biyu don safarar kayan abinci zuwa duk wuraren da shuka ke buƙata, ya kasance gabobin photosynthetic.
Dole ne mu tuna cewa bishiyoyi suna da mahimmanci ga rayuwa tunda sune manyan masu goge carbon dioxide, suna ba da isasshen oxygen don a ba da rayuwa kamar yadda muka sani. A saboda wannan dalili, duk wannan hanyar cin abinci koyaushe tana da matsayi mai yawa a duniyar kimiyya. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da danyen da aka sarrafa.