Asa tukunya ita ce irin ƙasar da ke da fa'idodi da yawa amma har ma da wasu fa'idodi. Farashinta yana da kyau -an jaka lita 80 tana iya cin ƙasa da euro 15, saboda haka yana da matukar alfanu koda yaushe mu kasance a gida, musamman idan muna ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke zuwa gandun daji kuma ba za mu iya dawowa da hannu wofi ba. Amma daidai don wannan kuma don kauce wa matsaloli a nan gaba, zan gaya muku menene fa'ida da rashin fa'idar tukunyar ƙasa.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk halaye, fa'idodi da rashin amfanin sahun tukunya.
Babban fasali
Domin gidan gonar mu ta bunƙasa a cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma mu sami sakamako mai kyau, dole ne mu zaɓi magwajin daidai. Kamar yadda muka sani, akwai fa'idodi da rashin fa'idodi daban-daban na ɓarkewar tukunya dangane da nau'in da muke amfani dashi. Kowane nau'in substrate yana da halaye daban-daban kuma an daidaita shi da nau'in nau'in ko wani. Wajibi ne a san yadda za a zaɓi madaidaicin daidai wanda ya fi dacewa da bukatun tsire da muke nomawa. Misali, idan zamu shuka kayan lambu, shuke-shuke masu magani da shuke-shuke ko shuke-shuke masu kwalliya, zasu bukaci halaye daban-daban a cikin kayan.
Kasancewar da amfani da tukunyar mai yana da mahimmanci a taimaka wa tsirrai su zama masu saurin jure kwari da cututtuka. Mafi mahimman kwari a aikin lambu sune farin ƙura, mealybugs, huhu, katantanwa da slugs, da sauransu. A gefe guda kuma, muna da cututtukan da aka fi sani kamar su fulawa, fure da tsatsa.
Dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa substrate don zama babban tushen abinci wanda ba kawai zai ciyar da tsire-tsire ba amma kuma yana taimakawa inganta ƙarancin ƙasa da samar da dukkan abubuwan da ke buƙata don ci gaban 'ya'yan itacen. Yana kuma taimaka ba da tallafi ga tsire-tsire kuma yana iya riƙe adadin ruwa. Dole ne a lissafa wannan damar don riƙe ruwa gwargwadon nau'in amfanin gonar da muke shuka. Kuma akwai wasu nau'ikan da basa goyon bayan toshewar ruwa, saboda haka dole ne mayanin ya tabbatar da yanayin iska mai kyau don ba da damar asalinsu su bunkasa su girma sosai.
Nau'o'in substrates don tsire-tsire masu girma
Anan ne zamu je don bincika nau'ikan maganin su da fa'idodi da rashin fa'idar tukunyar tukunya. Baya ga halaye da muka ambata a sama, dole ne mu binciki yanayin rubutun don sanin damar sa. Yakamata ya zama mai haske kuma mai laushi ta yadda zai iya barin jijiyoyin suyi numfashi kuma zasu iya girma samun abubuwan gina jiki da ruwa cikin sauki. Zai fi kyau hada hada tukunya na abubuwa daban daban domin cin gajiyar kyawawan halaye da kowannensu yakawo mana.
Zamu bincika menene nau'uka daban-daban, fa'idodi da rashin dacewar kayan kwalliyar:
- Earthworm humus: Yana ɗayan ɗayan tukunyar tukunya wanda aka samo shi ta sanannun sanannen vermicompost. Ba wani abu bane face wani nau'in kwayar halitta wanda ke taimakawa wajen samar da wadatar zuriya a doron kasa sakamakon yawan ma'adanai kamar su phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, da iron da sodium. Hakanan yana dauke da sinadarin nitrogen wanda shine babban sinadarin gina jiki a tsirrai. Yana da laushi mai laushi kuma yana da kyau don inganta haɓakar iska akan ƙasa. Bugu da kari, godiya ga wannan adadin abubuwan gina jiki, ya fi dacewa da yaɗuwar ƙwaya. Da zazzabin cizon duniya Yana taimaka rage haɓakar fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke cutar da haɓakar amfanin gona. Zaka iya siyan shi a nan.
- Turawa: Wata dabarar da aka yi amfani da ita sosai a cikin permaculture tana ƙirƙirar babban ɗaki da padding. Babban maƙasudin shine rage yashwa da ba da gudummawa ga ƙasar. Tare da wannan yanayin na sama-sama sai aka kiyaye tushen daga mummunan yanayin muhalli kamar zafi mai yawa ko sanyi, yawan laima da iska. Yana taimaka kula da yanayin zafi mai kyau don ci gaban shuka. Hakanan yana bayar da ragin yawaitar ban ruwa don haka ba kawai zamu adana akan ruwa ba, har ma shuka zata buƙaci ƙarancin kulawa.
- Kwakwar fiber Wani nau'in nau'in nau'in ne wanda ya faɗi ƙarƙashin nau'in inerts. Ana iya ƙara shi a cikin cakuɗin da muka shirya don cike tukwane kuma ya dace da kowane nau'in amfanin gona. Yana inganta karfin iskar iska, ruwa da adana sinadarai da rage kasadar bayyanar cututtukan da fungi ke haifarwa. Samu nan.
- Perlite: la lu'u-lu'u Ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta kuma halayenta sun haɗa da oxygenation na ƙasa saboda maƙasudin mawuyacin hali, juriya ga lalatawa da kuma kawar da wasu kwari da mites. Aƙarshe, yana rage bayyanar tsire-tsire da ba'a so a cikin amfanin gona. Kada ku rasa shi.
Fa'idodi da rashin fa'idar amfani da tukunyar mai
Fa'idodi na irin wannan matattarar sune:
- Suna sha kuma riƙe danshi: yana da matukar mahimmanci ga asalinsu, tunda idan sun daɗe suna bushewa to tsire-tsiren na iya shan wahala saboda rashin ruwa.
- PH ɗinsa ya ɗan fi 7 girmaSai dai musamman don tsire-tsire masu guba, a cikin wannan yanayin zai sami pH tsakanin 4 da 6.
- Ya kunshi abubuwa daban daban: kamar baƙar fata, peat mai laushi, kayan tsire-tsire, kwayoyin halitta da perlite.
- Galibi suna da tushen kunnawa: wannan yana kara girman tushen tsarin.
- Farashin yana da araha.
Rashin dacewar wannan nau'in kifin shine wadannan:
- Suna da halin karaya da yawa: idan kuna zaune a cikin yanki mai tsananin insolation, kuna fuskantar haɗarin cewa ya ƙare har ya "juya" zuwa wani yanki na ƙasa. Da zarar kayi, ba za'a iya shan ruwan ba. Don warware shi, dole ne a saka tukunya a cikin kwandon ruwa na kimanin minti 30.
- Ba ya ƙunshe da abubuwan gina jiki da yawa: yawanci yana da kusan 1% nitrogen (N), 0,5% phosphorus (P) da 0,75% potassium (K), amma ba komai.
Sai kawai idan kuna da tushen kunnawa zaku sami wani abu: 15% NPK ga kowane lita na substrate. - Akwai alamun kasuwanci daban-daban: gwargwadon wanda muka zaɓa, ƙimar za ta kasance mafi muni ko mafi kyau. Daga gogewa ina ba da shawarar karanta abun da ke ciki da kyau da ɗaukar wanda yake da mafi girman kwayar cutar, wanda shine abin da zai kawo ƙarshen kawo canji ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa ƙasa tana da magudanan ruwa mai kyau.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da fa'idodi da rashin amfanin kwalliyar tukunya.