El farin m Cuta ce ta fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Wannan cuta ta yaɗu a duk faɗin duniya kuma tana shafar nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri ne. Ana samunsa musamman a wuraren da ke da matsakaicin zafi da zafi mai zafi, kamar arewacin Spain. Yana bayyana a cikin amfanin gona da yawa yana haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin gona da ingancin girbi, musamman a lokacin rani da kaka.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku yadda za a cire farin mold daga shuke-shuke da abin da ya kamata ka yi la'akari da yin haka.
Life sake zagayowar
Naman kaza Sclerotinia marasa lafiya An haɗa shi a cikin Ascomycete fungi kuma ya samar da shahararrun farin m. Tsarin rayuwarsu ya ƙunshi matakin jima'i da matakin jima'i tare da babban aikin yada cututtuka. A cikin yanayin jima'i, sclerotia yana tsiro a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi da matsakaicin zafin jiki, yana samar da mycelium auduga. Yakan shiga tsire-tsire ta raunuka ko buɗewa a cikin ƙasa. Naman gwari yana tsiro akan tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta kuma yana haifar da sabon sclerotia. wanda a sauƙaƙe ya faɗi ƙasa kuma ya sake sake zagayowar. Sclerotia sun ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na hyphae waɗanda zasu iya rayuwa a cikin ƙasa na shekaru da yawa kuma shine babban hanyar watsa cututtuka.
Hakanan yanayin rayuwar jima'i yana farawa da sclerotia. A kan su, tsarin da ake kira apothecia yana tasowa, wanda ke dauke da asci wanda ya ƙunshi ascospores. Ana iya kwashe waɗannan cikin sauƙi ta hanyar iska kuma a ajiye su a sassa daban-daban na shuka. Ascospores germinate da kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa da sauri, da sassa na shuke-shuke, kamar fulawar fure, suna da saurin kamuwa da ita. Daga nan, naman gwari yana girma kuma yana cutar da sauran gabobin shuka kuma ya haifar da farin auduga mai kama da mycelium. Sclerotia yana tasowa akan mycelium kuma yana iya faɗuwa cikin sauƙi a ƙasa, fara sake zagayowar.
Me yasa farin mold ke tsiro akan tsire-tsire?
Mold wani naman gwari ne da ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta da ke rayuwa a kan dabbobi ko tsire-tsire, don haka idan ya yadu ta iska, ruwa, ko kwari, yana iya girma a ƙasa, abinci, ko wasu wurare. Don girma da haifuwa, mold yana buƙatar yanayi mai laushi da kwayoyin halitta. Don haka, a cikin shuke-shuken ku, yanayi mai ɗanɗano, dumi da ɗanɗano, kamar ruwa mai yawa ko tukwane mara kyau, yana ba da fifiko ga haɓakarsu. A cewar masana aikin lambu, tsire-tsire na cikin gida sun fi dacewa da m fiye da tsire-tsire na waje saboda samun iska, amma wannan ba shine ka'ida ba.
Farin mold akan tsire-tsire yana ƙoƙarin bayyana a cikin yanayin dumi, ɗanɗano, musamman idan shuke-shuke suka yi yawa. Sau da yawa yana da sauƙi a gano lokacin da ya bayyana akan ganyen tsire-tsire na mu, yana kama da fararen fata. A cikin yanayin ƙasa, yana iya bayyana a matsayin fararen ɗigon ruwa, amma yana da sauƙi a rikita shi da alamun lemun tsami ko gishiri.
Tabon lemun tsami ko gishiri suna fitowa saboda ban ruwa domin su ne sassan ruwan da ya taru a cikin kasa. Ba kamar gyaggyarawa ba, waɗannan ragowar suna yin taurare, suna barin a cire su. Mold zai iya bayyana a kunne ƙasa saboda ya bazu ko'ina cikin substrate, wani lokacin mamaye tukwane da ganye.
Yanayin mildew na leaf, ban da ana gano shi ta bayyanar fararen tabo da laushi masu laushi, na iya kasancewa tare da matattun ganye da yayyage mai tushe. Tsire-tsire na iya mutuwa gaba ɗaya idan ba a kula da su ba.
Yadda za a cire farin mold daga shuke-shuke
Bari mu ga mataki-mataki yadda za a cire farin mold daga shuke-shuke:
Rabu da Layer na farin mold
Abu na farko shi ne ware shuka, tun da mold (spores) na iya yada sauri zuwa wasu tukwane. A cikin wuri mai iska, fitar da shukar daga tukunyar don tantance matsalar, sannan a duba tushensa: idan kun sami tushe mai laushi ko ruɓe, yanke su.
Yanzu, tare da taimakon spade ko rake, kuna buƙatar cire farkon 6 zuwa 10 cm na ƙasa, ƙasa mafi girma, kuma maye gurbin ci gaban shuka tare da sabon ƙasa. Wannan kadan dabara zai isa idan mold bai zauna a kan shuka na dogon lokaci. Duk da haka, idan ba haka bane kuma naman gwari ya yi nasarar isa zurfin zurfi. ko resurfaces bayan 'yan makonni, muna bukatar mu maye gurbin duk kasar gona a cikin tukwane da repot mu rayuwa abokin tarayya shuke-shuke.
Don wannan, yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin mai kyau ko takin gargajiya, musamman ga tsire-tsire, tun da za mu san cewa magudanar ruwa zai yi kyau. Kawai abin da muke bukata don kada ruwa ya taru kuma mai farin ciki kada ya sake fitowa!
Ɗaya daga cikin tip shine ƙara perlite ko lambun tsakuwa, zai iya sauƙaƙa ƙasa kuma ya hana ta takushewa, kamar yadda muka ce lokacin da muka yi magana game da mafi kyawun ma'auni don cacti da succulents. Duk waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu na iya inganta magudanar ruwa. Za mu iya rufe saman tukunyar tare da Layer na ƙwallan yumbu mai faɗi, wanda ke sarrafa danshi kuma yana hana ƙura daga sake bayyanawa.
Tsaftace tukunyar da sabulu da soda burodi
Hakanan muna buƙatar tsaftace tukwane da kwanon rufi tare da sabulun tasa (mai tsabta na kowa), ɗan soda burodi, da ruwa. Kakannin sun yi gaskiya: soda burodi kamar ash mai haske ne wanda ke taimakawa wajen cire m daga tukwane da kyau.
Kamar yadda ake da'awar a wasu lokuta, soda burodi ba ya kai hari ga naman gwari, amma yana da kyau sosai mai bushewa wanda ke cire danshi daga saman (daidai abin da naman gwari ke so). Bari tukunya ta bushe gaba ɗaya kafin cika shi da sabuwar ƙasa.
Tsaftace ganye da kyau
Bayan haka, sai a wanke ganyen da ya shafa da ruwa sannan a bushe da takardan kicin, daya ga kowane ganye don hana yaduwar kyallen. Haka nan a cire ko yanke ganyayen da suka lalace ko suka mutu.
Domin wannan tsaftacewa ya zama mafi tasiri, za mu iya amfani da eco-fungicide, ko kuma mu yi shi da kanmu a gida: saboda wannan muna buƙatar tablespoon na soda burodi (saboda dalilai guda ɗaya da muka ambata a baya). rabin teaspoon na sabulun ruwa, cokali na man kayan lambu (kamar yadda muke samunsa a cikin gandun daji ko daga wannan haɗin) da rabin lita na ruwa. Ba mu tsallake man fetur ba saboda, ban da abubuwan da ke haifar da fungal, yana taimaka wa cakuda ya tsaya da kyau ga naman gwari.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da yadda za a cire farin mold daga shuke-shuke.