Angiosperms da motsa jiki

Akwai mutane da yawa da suke tunanin cewa conifers wani nau'in itace ne. A zahiri, an raba tsirrai a cikin ..., gaskiya, hanyoyi da iri daban-daban, amma sama da duka ana iya rarraba su ta hanya mai sauƙi: shuke-shuke masu furanni da shuke-shuke marasa furanni. Na farko an san su da fasaha angiosperms kuma sune wadanda galibi suka mamaye duniyar, waxanda suke kwanan nan amma ba kamar yadda aka yi imani ba; yayin da aka san na biyun kamar motsa jiki kuma sune farkon wadanda suka fara bayyana a doron Kasa, tun kafin dinosaur din su aikata.

Ko kuma, don taimaka mana fahimtar juna da kyau: angiosperms zai kasance, alal misali, ɗakunan karatu na dimorphic, azaleas, bishiyoyi (sai dai wanda za mu gani nan gaba), shrubs ... da motsa jiki duk abubuwan da aka zana sune, wato itace, itaciya, itaciya, itacen al'ul, da ma dukkan cycads kamar su Ciwon daji. Baya ga hanyar haifuwa, suna da wasu bambance-bambance la'akari.

Gymnosperms

da motsa jiki Suna gabatar da halaye daban-daban ga angiosperms. Don haka zuwa kamar sun bambanta da:

• Ganyen yawanci sirara ne, kamar "gashi". Yawancin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da yawa, wanda ke nufin cewa ba sa rasa ganyayensu a lokacin sanyi, amma suna rasa su kaɗan da kaɗan a cikin shekara.
• 'Ya'yan itacen da ke cikin mafi yawancin nau'ikan abarba ce kamar yadda aka gani a hoto, ko kuma a matsayin "ƙwallo" a ciki waɗanda suke tsaba.
• Gabaɗaya, don samun babban ƙaruwa, dole ne mu daidaita tsaba tsawon watanni 2-3 a cikin firinji a 6º.

Gymnosperms sune mafi dadaddun tsire-tsire masu wanzuwa. Sun bayyana a cikin lokacin Carboniferous, sama da shekaru miliyan 350 da suka wuce. Don haka sune mafi sauki, amma ba ƙarami mai ban mamaki ba don wannan. A zahiri, zasu iya yin girma a duk duniya, daga digiri 72 Arewa zuwa digiri 55 kudu, daga kusa da Arctic Circle zuwa Antarctic tundra, har ma zamu iya samun jinsunan da ke rayuwa a bakin tekun.

Halaye na Gymnosperms

Waɗanne ne manyan halayen ku? Waɗannan:

• Ayar ba ta tsira daga farkon lokacin da fure, wanda reshe ne na ƙarancin ci gaba da ke samar da ganyayyaki masu amfani ko "sporophylls", ya zama gurɓatacce.
• Mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan bishiyu ne, wanda ke nufin cewa sun wanzu. Akwai wasu da suke sabunta su kadan kadan kadan a cikin shekara, amma akwai wasu da ke yin hakan duk bayan shekaru 2-3 ko ma fiye da haka.
• Suna iya ɗaukar ruwa mafi kyau fiye da angiosperms, tunda suna da tracheids a cikin xylem. Tracheids su ne ƙwayoyin halitta masu tsayi waɗanda ƙwanƙolinsu keɓaɓɓu, wanda aka samo a cikin xylem, ta inda ɗanyen ruwan take kewaya.
• Sun dauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin su hayayyafa. A kan matsakaici, shekara guda ta wuce daga pollination zuwa hadi, kuma balaga na iri na iya ɗaukar shekaru uku.
• Furannin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu iska ne kawai suke ruɓe su, ban da Cycads.

Misalan Gymnosperms

Balantium antarcticum

Wannan yana da daraja bishiyar fern 'yan asalin New South Wales, Tasmania da Victoria, a Australia. Yana da kyau ya zama kamar dabino, amma ba shi da alaƙa da shi. Wannan inji ya kai tsawon kimanin mita 15, amma yawanci basu wuce mita 5 ba.

An ƙirƙira su ne ta tsayayyen rhizome wanda ke samar da akwati, wanda tushe yake rufe da villi, wanda kuma aka ɗora masa kambi ta fuskar manyan ganye, manyan ganye, tsawan mita 2-6 kuma tare da kaushin rubutu. Yana da kyau a samu a cikin tukwane ko cikin lambuna masu inuwa, inda zasu iya more yanayin yanayi mai laushi.

Ginkgo biloba

Itacen tarihi ne wanda ya rayu tare da mafi girman dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda Duniya ta gani, dinosaur. Sun rayu daga halaka mai yawa, canjin yanayi irin na lokacin kuma saboda wannan duka yanzu zamu iya jin daɗin wannan itacen mai ban mamaki.

Ya kai tsayi na kusan mita 35, tare da ganyayyaki masu yankewa waɗanda suka faɗi a lokacin kaka bayan juya launin rawaya mai launin rawaya.. An yi imanin cewa asalinsa na Gabashin Asiya ne; Koyaya, a yau ana samunta a duk yankuna masu yanayin duniya, tunda tana tallafawa yanayin zafi daga 35ºC zuwa -15ºC. Bugu da kari, zai iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 2500.

Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, bishiyoyi na dangi ne na angiosperms, banda Ginkgo biloba. Wannan itaciya ce wacce ba ta da furanni tare da petals, amma dai yana fallasa oviles kuma, da zarar sun hadu, sai su girma cikin zuriya. M, dama?

Sequoia kayan kwalliya

Yana daya daga cikin mafi tsayi kuma mafi tsayi mafi tsayi a duniya, wanda yake asalin Tekun Pacific na Arewacin Amurka, a yammacin ƙasar. Yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan tsire-tsire waɗanda, don dawowa da more rayuwa a cikin dukkan darajarsu, dole ne ku kalli abubuwa da yawa: zai iya kaiwa mita 115.

Kodayake ba nau'in ba ne da muke ba da shawarar a yi a cikin gidajen Aljanna, tunda tana da saurin ƙaruwa (kimanin 5cm a kowace shekara) ana iya girma ba tare da matsala ba idan kuna zaune a yankin da ke da yanayi mai sanyi-mai sanyi. Hakanan rayuwarsu ta cancanci yabo: An samo samfuran shekaru 3000.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)

Angiosperms

Tsirrai na angiosperm sunfi yawa '' zamani ''. Sun fara juyin halitta ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 130 da suka gabata, a cikin Cananan Cretaceous. Sun kasance wata nasara ce ta dabi'a, wacce har zuwa wannan lokacin ba ta da wata hanyar kare irinta. Tare da isowar waɗannan shuke-shuke masu ban mamaki, sabbin al'ummomi suna da sauƙin gaske.

da angiosperms duk waɗannan tsire-tsire ne waɗanda ke ba da furanni kuma daga baya 'ya'yan itatuwa tare da iri. A cikin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire za mu iya samun bishiyoyi, dabino, tsire-tsire na yanayi, na tsawon lokaci, ... da kyau, waɗanda galibi muke gani a cikin lambuna da yawa.

Game da waɗannan tsire-tsire, kwan ya kare, kuma bayan an hada shi ya zama 'ya'yan itace.

Halayen Angiosperm

Babban halayensa sune masu zuwa:

• 'Ya'yan, a baya tsirara, yanzu ana kiyaye su cikin' ya'yan itace.
• Furannin suna da kyau sosai, tunda suna buƙatar dabbobi masu kwari da kwari su hayayyafa.
• Sun mamaye, sama da duka, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, kodayake suma suna iya girma cikin yanayi mai yanayi.
• Tsarin rayuwarsa daga fewan makonni zuwa ɗaruruwan shekaru, ya danganta da yanayin canjin da kowane jinsi yayi.

Misalan tsire-tsire na angiosperm

Kofi humilis

Cacti, kodayake suna da alama nau'ikan shuke-shuke ya bambanta da waɗanda muka saba gani, amma gaskiyar magana ita ce su angiosperms ne. Da Kofi humilis, ɗayan mafi sauƙin samu don siyarwa shine, kamar kowane irin sa, asalinsa daga Chile.

Ya fi ko ƙasa da siffar siffar, kuma yana samar da harbe-harbe da yawa har zuwa 20cm tsayi. Floananan florets rawaya ne kuma sun tsiro a lokacin rani.

Tsarin Delonix

Harshen wuta yana ɗayan bishiyoyi da aka haɓaka a duk yankuna masu zafi na duniya. Asali daga Madagascar, Ana bayyana shi da samun kambi na kamuwa da jiki wanda ganye waɗanda ke nuna halinsu na yau da kullun ko na ƙarshe-yankewa ko yankewa ya danganta da yanayin da ake samu a wurin da kuke.

Ya kai tsawo har zuwa mita 12, tare da manyan furanni masu jan huɗu ko lemo huɗu waɗanda suke tohowa a bazara. Yana da tsire-tsire da aka ba da shawarar sosai don lambuna masu matsakaici, inda sanyi ba ya faruwa.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Flamboyant

Gazania ta girma

Gazania ɗan asalin ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu ne da kuma Mozambique mai yawan ganye mai ɗorewa wanda, duk da cewa bai wuce 30cm a tsayi ba, yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ban sha'awa waɗanda za mu iya samu don siyarwa a cikin gidajen nurseries da shagunan lambu: furanninta, masu tuna kwalliya, ana buɗe su da rana kuma ana gab da faɗuwar rana. A ranakun gizagizai, petals suna rufe saboda basu samun isasshen haske.

Don girmanta, ana iya samun sa a cikin tukunya da cikin lambun. Tabbas, yana buƙatar shayarwa mai yawa da sauyin yanayi don rayuwa.

Shin kun san bambance-bambance tsakanin daya da wancan?