Gibberellins

Kamar dai yadda abin mamaki ne, tsire-tsire suna da nasu kwayoyin halittar. Waɗannan wajibi ne don ci gabanta da kyau. Daga cikinsu akwai gibberellins, yafi daukar nauyin ci gaban kayan lambu.

Baya ga mahimmancin su ga shuke-shuke, gibberellins suma Suna da fa'idodi masu amfani yayin amfani da 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari. Idan kana son karin bayani game da wadannan kwayoyin halittar, karanta su.

Phytohormones

Ga masoya game da tsirrai, ba abin mamaki ba ne su fahimci cewa tsirrai ma suna haifar da hormones, wanda aka sani da phytohormones. Waɗannan kwayoyi ne waɗanda ke shafar girma, aiki da bambancin jikin shuka, ko na wasu ɓangarorinsa. A yadda aka saba, ana samar da homon a ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa kuma saboda haka suna yin ayyukansu. Ba kamar dabbobi ba, shuke-shuke na iya hada homonomi a sassa daban-daban.

Akwai a cikin duka biyar phytohormones wanda tasirinsa akan cigaban kayan lambu yana da matukar muhimmanci:

1. Auxins
2. Gibberellins
3. Cytokinins
4. Ethylene
5. Abcisic acid

Koyaya, kwanan nan wasu abubuwa an saka su cikin jerin ƙwayoyin hormones. Wadannan sun hada da jasmonates, brassinosteroids, salicylic acid, har ma da wasu peptides. Dukkanin kwayoyin halittar suna aiki tare, shukar ba zata iya rayuwa ba idan mutum ya kasa. Yanayin ilimin tsirrai na ilimin halitta shine sakamakon aikin adawa ko haɗin kai tsakanin phytohormones.

Menene gibberellins kuma menene aikin su?

Kamar yadda muka riga muka ambata a baya, gibberellins, ko GAs, wani ɓangare ne na haɓakar haɓakar shuka biyar da suke wanzu. Waɗannan an samar da su ne musamman a cikin ƙwayoyi masu tasowa, ƙwayoyin samari, fruitsa fruitsan itace da cikin yankin kwari. Gibberellins sune ainihin haɓakar haɓaka da ke cikin wasu tsare-tsaren ci gaban tsire-tsire. Farkon kiranta yana faruwa a cikin chloroplasts, amma membrane ɗin plasma shima mahalarci ne. Amma safarar wadannan phytohormones, yana faruwa ne a tsarin jijiyoyin jini. Koyaya, komai yana nuna cewa wasu daga cikinsu suna da iyakanceccen rarrabawa.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Ethylene

Gibberellins yana samar da sakamako mai kamanceceniya da juna, kamar ƙara tsayi tsakanin nuts ɗin mai tushe. Idan wadannan phytohormones suka bata, tsirrai zasu zama dwarf. Menene ƙari, kara kuzari da furanni, hanzarta tsiro da tsara samar da furotin a cikin kwayar hatsi.

Duk da cewa an san fiye da nau'ikan gibberellins dari, kaɗan ne kawai daga cikinsu ke nuna ayyukan ƙirar halitta. Waɗanda aka fi sani sune: GA1, GA3, GA4, GA7 da GA9. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da wasu daga cikin su don kasuwancin kasuwanci ta hanyar magudi na 'ya'yan itacen.

Amfani da Kasuwanci

Tare da duk ci gaban da muke samu a matakin fasaha da kimiyya, ba abin mamaki bane cewa mutane sun san yadda ake cin gajiyar gibberellins. Nan gaba zamu yi sharhi kan wasu fa'idojin kasuwanci:

• Canji daga yarinya zuwa lokacin girma: A matakin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da GA don shafar yanayin yarinta na tsire, don haka ya sami damar wucewa zuwa yanayin manya ko akasin haka. Shuke-shuken yara sune suka fara kirkirar tushen, wanda ya zama dole don noman ciyayi. Koyaya, yayin da suka balaga sun rasa wannan kayan kusan gaba ɗaya. Ta hanyar yin amfani da gibberellins yana yiwuwa a hanzarta shiga cikin fure ba tare da tsire-tsire sun kammala aikinsu na ƙuruciya ba.
• Addamarwar fure da ƙudurin jima'i: Amfani da GAs na iya maye gurbin wasu buƙatu akan shuke-shuke don yabanya. Misali, zasu iya canza haske ko abin da ake buƙata na zafin jiki. Kari kan haka, za su iya haifar da samuwar abubuwan fure kuma hakan zai iya shafar azamar jima'i, yana ba mu damar kirkirar furannin mata ko na maza. Wannan yana da matukar mahimmanci idan yazo batun tsallakawa da guje wa lalata kai.
• Ci gaban 'ya'yan itace: Wata damar da gibberellins ke da ita shine haɓaka haɓakar 'ya'yan itace. Girmanta yana shafar farashi da inganci. Zai yiwu ma a tsawaita rayuwar wasu 'ya'yan itacen citrus, duka a bishiya da girbinsu.
• Parthenocarpy: Parthenocarpy tsari ne na ci gaban fruita withoutan ba tare da samun seeda seedan farko ba. Don cimma wannan ta hanyar kere-kere, ana kula da furannin da ba ruwansu da gibberellins ko wasu kwayoyin halittar.
• Kimiyyar kere-kere: Ana amfani da GAs don sabunta tsire-tsire a cikin vitro. A gefe guda, ƙwayoyin da aka fitar suna buƙatar wannan hormone don ci gaban su yayin farkon matakin. A gefe guda kuma, ana iya gudanar da jiyya ta baya tare da gibberellins a kan shuke-shuke don ta da ci gaban su ta yadda za a fifita fitar da shawarwari kyauta daga kwayoyin cuta.
• Ana samu a cikin sikari: Sucrose, ko sukari na kara, yana tarawa a cikin ruhun, don haka adadin da za'a iya girba ya dogara da girman vacuole. GAs suna taimakawa haɓaka tsire-tsire da abun ciki na sukari.

Kamar yadda muke gani, aikace-aikacen gibberellins suna da yawa. Godiya ga karatuttukan ilimin tsirrai daban-daban, mun sami damar inganta darajar fruitsa vegetablesan itace da kayan marmari ta fuskoki daban-daban. Hakanan ta fuskar tattalin arziki suna taimaka wa manoma sosai. Har yanzu, kimiyya na ci gaba da bincike. Kowace rana ana gano ƙarin abubuwan ban sha'awa game da duniyar tsire-tsire.