Wuraren Lambuna

da Wuraren Lambuna Su ne mafi shahararrun lambunan Faransa, ba kawai a Faransa ba, har ma a sauran duniya. Sun mamaye wani yanki babba, kuma sun kawata Fadar da take da suna. Fadar da sarakuna da yawa ke zaune a ciki, wanda kuma ya ga dasawa da yawa tun lokacin da aka ƙirƙira ta, sama da shekaru 300 da suka gabata.

Tarihinta shine na sarrafa yanayi ta ɗan adam, amma kuma hakan ne babbar alama ce ta yadda zaka sami cikakken filin rayuwa.

A kadan tarihi

Asalin Gidajen Aljanna na Versailles ana iya samun sa a zamanin Sarki Louis XIII. A cikin 1632 ya sayi filayen da a wancan lokacin mallakar Jean-François de Gondi ne, kuma jim kaɗan bayan ya fara yin lambuna na farko don ɓangaren yamma shahararrun lambu biyu na lokacin: Claude Mollet da Hillaire Masson. Tabbas sun so shi da yawa, tunda asalin makircin ya kasance har zuwa 1660, lokacin da ya fadada su.

Koyaya, akwai cikakkun bayanai waɗanda har yanzu suna nan. Misali, gatarin gabas-yamma da arewa-kudu wadanda suka ratsa shi, ko kuma umarnin da aka aza akan shuke-shuke, da kuma amfani da wadannan a matsayin shinge.

Tare da zuwan Louis XIV akan mulki, ya yi tarurruka da yawa tare da Louis Le Vau, wanda shi ne wanda ya zana ginin ministar kudinsa (Nicolas Fouquet), da mai zane Charles Le Brun, da kuma mai zane mai suna André Le Notre. Ita ofan waɗannan maganganun marasa adadi, an fadada da kuma kawata Lambunan Versailles a duk tsawon mulkinsa.

Matakan sake ginawa, daga 1662 zuwa 1709

Louis XIV ya sadaukar da wani bangare mai kyau na mulkinsa ga gina lambunan da ke kewaye da Fadar. A hakikanin gaskiya, a gare shi muke bin bashin bayyanar da suke da ita a yau.

Amma, kamar kowane lambun da ya cancanci gishirin sa, ya shiga matakai daban-daban na sake ginawa:

• Año 1662: Wannan shekarar an sadaukar da ita ne don faɗaɗa gadajen da suka kasance, da ƙirƙirar sababbi. Orangerie, wanda yanki ne wanda za'a iya kiyaye bishiyoyin lemu daga hunturu, abubuwa ne da zasu haskaka su; da Grotto na Tetis, wanda ke arewacin fadar kuma wanda ya danganci Louis na goma sha tara da hasken rana.
• Shekaru 1664 zuwa 1668: a cikin wadannan shekarun an fara wani mataki na gina maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da kawata lambuna tare da dazuzzuka, da kuma mutum-mutumi waɗanda suka shafi Rana da Apollo. Ginin Grand Canal shima an fara shi a 1668 kuma an kammala shi a 1671.
• Shekaru 1674 zuwa 1687: A waɗancan shekarun gidajen Aljanna sun fita daga yanayin ɗabi'a zuwa mafi tsarin gine-gine. An gina kududdufai masu siffofi na geometric, an rusa Orangery kuma an ƙirƙiri wani babban tsari, kuma an sake fasalin ko ƙirƙirar gandun daji uku.
• Shekaru 1704 zuwa 1709: bayan Yaƙin Shekaru Tara da Yaƙin Gwajin Mutanen Espanya, an gyara wasu gandun daji kaɗan kuma har ma an ba su wasu sunaye waɗanda suke da alaƙa da shekarun ƙarshe na Louis XIV.

Shekaru na Rashin tabbas (1715 zuwa 1774)

Daga 1715 zuwa 1722, Sarki Louis XV ba ya nan gaba ɗaya daga Lambuna na Versailles, kuma lokacin da ya dawo ba ya son ya mai da hankali sosai game da shi, sakamakon tasirin kakansa, wanda ya ba shi shawarar kada ya fara manyan kamfen gini. .

Abinda ya dace kawai shine ya gama tafkin Neptune tsakanin 1738 da 1741, tare da gina Le Petit Trianon, wanda yake a cikin »Kauyen Sarauniya». Bayan 'yan shekaru, a cikin 1774, ya mutu.

Transoƙarin canzawa (1774 zuwa 1791)

Tare da tashin Louis XVI zuwa gadon sarautar Faransa, Lambunan Versailles sun yi yunƙurin sauyawa. Wannan mutumin yana so ya canza lambun Faransanci zalla zuwa na Ingilishi; Watau, ya yi duk mai yiwuwa don ganin ya zama na halitta, ba tare da canza yanayin wurin da yawa ba.

Wannan shine dalilin da yasa yawancin shuke-shuke waɗanda aka dasa a lokacin mulkin Louis XIV suka sare. Menene ƙari, An maye gurbin shinge masu rai, waɗanda ke buƙatar yankewa akai-akai, bishiyoyi kamar su bishiyoyin linden ko bishiyoyin kirji masu layi.

Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba ya fahimci cewa yanayin yanayin yankin bai ba shi damar samun lambun Ingilishi na gargajiya ba; don haka ya koma ba shi salon Faransanci, amma a, ya cire kawai abin da ƙwararrun masanan suka ba shi shawarar ya cire. Misali, aikin Grotte des Bains d'Apollon, An gina shi a cikin dajin Ingilishi wanda har yanzu ana kiyaye shi.

Juyin juya hali kuma daga baya zamanin Napoleonic

Shekarar 1792 ta kasance mummunan shekara ga Lambuna na Versailles. An sare wasu bishiyoyi daga dazuzzuka, kuma an lalata wasu sassan Grand Parc. Abin farin ciki, lamarin bai zama mai rikitarwa ba saboda darektan lambun tsirrai na Louis Claude Marie Richard, wanda ke magana da gwamnati yana cewa za a iya dasa kayan lambu a cikin filayen furanni, kuma a wuraren da aka bar bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace a bude. za a iya dasa

Ta haka ne muka zo zamanin Napoleon, wanda suka zauna tare tare da Sarauniya Maria Luisa a Fadar. A cikin Lambuna, an ci gaba da sare bishiyoyi da yawa, kuma sakamakon haka, ƙasa ta lalace kuma sababbi dole ne a dasa.

Maidowa (1814 zuwa 1817)

A cikin 1814 maidowa ta farko ta lambuna ta fara tun lokacin juyi. An maye gurbin tsire-tsire marasa kyau, an magance matsalolin da maɓuɓɓugai da tafkuna zasu iya,… a takaice, Gidajen Aljanna na Versailles sannu a hankali sun dawo da daukaka a wannan lokacin.

Sabon zamani (1886 - yanzu)

A shekarar 1886 ya zo Pierre DeNolhac a matsayin darektan gidan kayan tarihin gidan Aljanna na Versailles. Wannan mutumin babban malami ne, kuma Ya sadaukar da kyakkyawan sashin rayuwarsa don sani, da kuma bayyanawa ta hanyar littattafan da ya rubuta, tarihin Fada da lambunan ta.. Amma ban da haka, ya rubuta yadda za a dawo da su da kuma adana su.

Waɗannan ƙa'idodin a halin yanzu ana bin su.

Menene halaye na Lambuna na Versailles?

Gidajen Aljannah na Versailles Suna da yanki mai girman hekta 800, an kawata shi da kusan bishiyoyi 200.000, tare da wasu furanni 210.000 da ake shukawa kowace shekara.. Waɗannan tsire-tsire suna cinye matsakaita na mita mita dubu 3600 na ruwa. Idan kuna son ziyartar su, dole ne ku tafi wurin Place d'Armes, a cikin Versailles, Faransa.

Me zan gani?

Gani da jin daɗin Gidan Aljanna na Versailles ƙwarewa ce da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba. Kuna iya ganin shuke-shuke, wannan a bayyane yake, yawancinsu. Amma kuma sauran abubuwan da zasu sa ku son wurin. Misali:

Kauyen Sarauniya

Queenauyen Sarauniyar yana cikin Little Trianon, a cikin Fadar Versailles. Marie Antoinette ce ta gina shi a cikin 1782, wanda ke neman yankin da za ta iya gujewa daga kotu da dokokinta. Ta yi fatan samun damar tafiyar da rayuwa kusa da yanayi, kuma ta iya mantawa da cewa ita sarauniya ce. Saboda haka, An gina bukkoki goma sha biyu, kowannensu yana da gonar da take da shi, ko lambu, ko kuma lambun fure.

Grand Canal na Versailles

Tare da yanki mai girman hekta 24 da zurfin mita biyu, ita ce babbar tafki a duk cikin Versailles. André Le Notre ne ya gina shi tsakanin 1666 da 1679, kuma tun daga 1979 UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin Gidan Tarihin Duniya, tare da sauran Lambuna da Fadar.

Babban Trianon

Babban Trianon, ko marmara Trianon kamar yadda aka sanshi, an ba da umarnin a gina shi a 1687 ƙarƙashin Louis XIV. Ya ƙunshi tsakar gida, fada, lambuna da tafkuna. A watan Agusta 20, 1913 aka ayyana ta a matsayin Tarihin Tarihin Faransa.

Me kuka yi tunani game da Lambunan Versailles? Shin kun taba kasancewa?