Halaye, kulawa da noman mustard

Mustard tsire-tsire ne mai ci wanda yake asalin yankuna na Turai, wanda yake na dangin gicciye.

Theimar tattalin arziƙin wannan amfanin gona ya haifar da yaɗuwa ta ko'ina kuma an girke shi azaman ganye a Asiya, Arewacin Afirka da Turai shekaru dubbai. Tsoffin Girkawa da Romawa sun ji daɗin ƙwayar mustard a cikin sifofin ƙuli da hoda.

Halayen mustard

Mustard iri uku ne; da rawaya, da baki da kuma na gabas. A Turai, ana san sanyin mustard mai launin rawaya kamar farin mustard. Ya tsiro daji a cikin Bahar Rum Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka

Auren mustard, baƙi da fari, kusan sura ce ta duniya, masu ɗanɗano a dandano, kuma ba su da ƙanshi idan duka. White tsaba mustard ne mai haske rawaya a launi da kuma kusan 2.5mm a diamita.

Mustard na gabas, tare da sunan kimiyya Brassica juncea, ɗan asalin ƙasar tudun Himalayas ne, amma a yanzu ana noma shi kuma ana tallata shi a Amurka, Ingila, Kanada da Denmark da bakin mustard, Brassica nigra, ana girma a Amurka, Chile, Argentina, da wasu ƙasashen Turai.

Kula da mustard da namo

Mustard shuke-shuke yawanci girma daga iri, amma kuma za a iya girma daga seedlings.

Ana iya girma a cikin cikakkiyar rana da inuwa ta wani ɓangare. Zaɓi wuri wanda ya daɗe, ya yi aiki sosai, ƙasa mai ni'ima mai wadataccen ƙwayoyin halitta. Matsayi mai kyau pH ya zama 5.5 zuwa 6.8, kodayake zasu iya jure pH na alkaline kaɗan na 7.5.

Shuka ƙwayar mustard inci 2,5 tsakani, kimanin makonni uku kafin kwanan sanyi na ƙarshe. Idan kuna shuka shukakkun mustard da aka saya, kuma ku shuka su 15 cm nesa. Dole ne a kiyaye ƙasa daidai da danshi don kiyaye ganye suna girma cikin sauri.

Mustard yana tsirowa a cikin kasa mai sanyi .. Kyakkyawan yanayi na dasa ƙwayar mustard sun haɗa da; ƙasa mai danshi da yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa kusan 7º C. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, mustard zai fito daga ƙasa cikin kwanaki biyar zuwa 10.

Mustardar da aka dasa lokacin da ƙasa take ƙasa da 4ºC zata tsiro, amma a hankali.

Tsarin rayuwa

A tsakanin kwanaki 30 da fara shukar, mustard zai bunkasa alfarwa mai girma. A tsakanin kwanaki 35 zuwa 40 da fara shuka, zai fara toho.

Lokacin fure yana ɗaukar kimanin kwana bakwai zuwa 15, kodayake wani lokacin yakan iya tsayi. Bututun zai bunkasa daga furannin, tsawon kwanaki 35 zuwa 45 masu zuwa. 'Ya'yan sun nuna lokacin da kwaɗayin fara fara juyawa daga kore zuwa launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa.

Bushewa

Dole ne a girbe iri na mustard kafin kwasfan ruwa su zama masu saurin fashewa har su fasa kuma su watsa iri a inda ba a son su.

Abun da ya dace don adana ƙwayoyin mustard shine 10%. Idan ƙwayar mustard ta ƙunshi danshi da yawa, zai iya ɓata yayin ajiya. Idan tsaba basu bushe sosai lokacin girbi ba, kuna da zaɓi na bushe su akan raga mai kyau.

Balaga

La Yellow mustard ya fi sauri sauri fiye da launin ruwan kasa da mustard na gabas Yellow mustard yana da tsarin rayuwa na 80 zuwa 85 kwanaki Brown mustard 90 zuwa 95 kwanaki Saboda launin ruwan kasa da na mustard iri iri sun fi sauƙi fiye da rawaya mustard dole ne a girbe kafin pods gaba daya bushe.

Cututtukan mustard

Kodayake mustard bashi da matsaloli da yawa, amma kuna buƙatar kiyaye su daga tsutsotsi na kabeji, aphids, whiteflies, da beetles. Kuna iya fesa su da kayayyakin da ke ƙunshe da "Bt" (Bacillus thuringiensis) na kwari, ko kuma maganin feshi mai ƙayatarwa na ƙwaro.

Itace kuma mai saukin kamuwa da fararan tsatsa. Ganyen da suke da farin tsatsa ya kamata a cire nan da nan. Shayar da shuke-shuke a gindi na tushe don kiyaye ganyayyaki ba danshi.