A duniyar tamu duniya akwai nau'o'in halittu da yawa, kowane daya da irin halayensa wadanda suka tilastawa tsirrai dacewa ko suka mutu, saboda wadannan yanayin suma na iya canzawa yayin da shekaru suke wucewa. Godiya ga wannan, akwai nau'ikan halittu iri-iri, kuma ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan sune ake kira halophytes.
Waɗannan suna da ban sha'awa sosai, tunda abin birgewa ne cewa sun iya rayuwa a cikin yanayi irin wanda suke zaune a ciki. Amma, Menene ainihin su?
Menene su?
Halophytes su ne tsire-tsire waɗanda tushensu ke hulɗa da ruwan gishiri ko waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa tare da yawan gishiri, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka san su da tsire-tsire gishiri. A dabi'ance, suna da wani adadi na gishiri a cikin su, amma suna kawar da yawan abin ta hanyar ɓoye ɓoye-ɓoye na dunƙulen gishiri (ƙuraren da ke bayyane ko ƙari akan “fata”).
Tsarin yana nuna cewa suna tattara abubuwan gishirin da suke dauke da shi a cikin ganyensu, amma idan suka fadi ko suka mutu, dole ne su sha sosai.
Waɗanne nau'ikan akwai?
An kiyasta cewa 2% na dukkanin tsire-tsire a duniya suna halophytes, waɗanda aka kasafta su cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu:
- M: sune waɗanda zasu iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin gishiri kawai.
- Zabi: sune waɗanda ke jure yawancin gishiri, amma kuma suna iya zama a wuraren da ƙarancin gishiri yake, kamar ciyawar rukunin gishiri ko Spartina.
Wasu alamu sune:
ammophila arenaria
Hoton - Wikimedia / Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz
Ciyawa ce da ake kira marram ko reed wanda ke girma a rairayin bakin teku na Turai, Arewacin Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Abubuwan haɓaka yana kafa tushe har zuwa mita 1,2, da ganyayyaki masu launin toho-kore ne.
Ana iya horar da shi a cikin ƙasa mai yashi, don gyara ƙasa kuma ta haka hana yashwa. A zahiri, anyi amfani dashi don wannan dalili a cikin Landes de Gascogne (Faransa). Tsayayya har zuwa -7ºC.
Calystegia saidanella
Hoton - Wikimedia / Strobilomyces
An san shi da kararrawa ta dune ko kararrawar yashi, kuma yana da saurin girma, ciyawa mai rai mai asali ga gabar Turai ya kai tsayi tsakanin santimita 60 da 90. A lokacin bazara tana samarda furanni masu launin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda.
Abubuwan magani sun danganta shi; haka kuma, an yi amfani dashi azaman laxative, diuretic, febrifuge, da kuma warkarwa. Tsayar da yanayin ƙarancin ƙasa zuwa -5ºC.
cocos nucifera
El itacen kwakwa Yana da dabino mai zafi na ƙasan ga rairayin bakin teku na Caribbean, Tekun Indiya da Pacific. Yana girma da sauri idan yanayi yana da dumi duk shekara kuma yana da isasshen ruwa. Zai iya kaiwa mita 30 a tsayi, tare da siririn akwati wanda ya auna santimita 30-35 a cikin diamita.. Ganyayyaki suna da tsini, tsawonsu ya kai mita 5, kuma yana samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa wadanda, kamar yadda muka sani, su ne kwakwa.
Ana iya shuka shi a cikin lambuna kusa da teku da nesa da shi, abin da ke da mahimmanci shi ne cewa ba a taɓa yin sanyi ba kuma ƙasar tana da malalewa mai kyau.
shanyayyun euphorbia
Hoton - Wikimedia / Frank Vincentz
Nonuwan bakin teku ganyayyaki ne da ake samu a Macaronesia, yankin Bahar Rum, da Tsibirin Canary. Yayi girma zuwa santimita 75 tsayi, kuma saiwansa ya tsiro kore, ƙanana, ganye masu juye
Tsirrai ne irin na yankuna masu dumi waɗanda ke da sauƙin yanayi, sabili da haka baya jure yanayin zafi sosai.
Pancratium maritimum
An san shi da lily teku kuma tsire-tsire ne mai girma wanda ke zaune a tsayayyun dunes na gabar Tekun Atlantika, gami da waɗanda ke Bahar Rum. Ganyen ganye ne, masu launin shuɗi-kore, furannin kuma farare ne, masu tsayin santimita 15.
Yana da ban sha'awa sosai ga namo, tunda tsayayya da fari sosai idan a kasa ne. A zahiri, yana buƙatar lokacin bushewa don haɓaka yau da kullun da haɓaka. Tsayawa sanyi daga ƙasa zuwa -7ºC.
Pinus halepensis
Hoton - Wikimedia / sararin samaniya
El Pine na Aleppo ɗayan irin ne kaɗan daga cikin nau'ikansa da ke iya zama 'yan mitoci kaɗan daga teku. A rairayin bakin teku na tsibirin Balearic abu ne mai yawa, gama gari ne, saboda yana yin kurmi groves ɗan tazara daga ruwa. Amma kuma ana shuka shi a cikin lambuna, yayin da yake girma kamar yadda yake a bakin rairayin bakin teku kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙasa mai laka.
Ya kai tsayin mita 25, kuma bayan lokaci sai ya sami akwati mai wahala, tare da kambi mara tsari wanda aka samo shi ta koren ganyen acicular wanda ake sabuntawa duk shekara. Tsayayya har zuwa -7ºC.
Spartina madadin
Yana da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda aka fi sani da crabgrass waɗanda suka samo asali daga Amurka, duka arewa da kudu. Ya kai tsayin mita 1 zuwa 1,5, tare da m tushe daga wanda elongated kore ganye tsiro.
Ba a ba da shawarar namo shi ba, saboda yana da babban tasirin cin zali.
A ina suke zaune?
Zamu iya samun su ta hanyar halitta fadama, rairayin bakin teku, dausayi, da kuma mangroves. Saboda wannan, akwai abubuwa da yawa fiye da yadda muke tunanin waɗanda za'a iya shayar dasu da ruwan gishiri.
Me kuka gani game da wannan batun?
Ina karatu kuma wannan rahoton ya taimaka min wajen fahimtar ra'ayoyi !! Na gode!!
Cikakken Jorgelina. Muna matukar farin ciki da sanin cewa labarin ya kasance mai amfani a gare ku 🙂
Ba za ku iya rubuta "tsire-tsire masu tsalle-tsalle", tunda yana da yawa, amma "tsire-tsire masu tsalle-tsalle". "Halophilic plant" ita ce "halophyte." Duk mafi kyau.
Spartina alterniflora, wanda yayi kama da abin da ake kira: "horsetail ko carrizillo" yana da kamanceceniya, kawai yana da baki a kowane tazara kuma zuwa sama yana ƙaruwa da girma kuma yana fitar da zobe mai baƙar fata a wani ɗan nesa na girma. Yana girma da yawa a wuraren ruwa na al'ada ba tare da gishiri ba. Bayani mai ban sha'awa a nan ana bayarwa.
Na gode Hector.