A yau zamuyi magana ne game da wani nau'in hatsi wanda ba irin wanda muka saba dashi bane. Shine mahaukacin hatsi wanda aka fi sani da ballueca ko mummunan hatsi. Sunan kimiyya shine Avena bakararre kuma ana ɗaukarsa sako mai cutarwa galibi cikin amfanin gona mai yawa na hunturu. Ya fi shafar hatsi, fyade da kuma kayan lambu waɗanda suke hidimar hatsi ko kayan abinci. Hakanan yana cikin sauran albarkatun gona waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin juyawa tare da waɗannan.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku dukkan halayen, irin lalacewar da zai iya haifarwa a cikin amfaninku da yadda zaku sarrafa Avena bakararre.
Babban fasali
Avena sterilis na daga cikin rukunin ciyawar kuma ana ɗaukarsa sako. Musamman yana shafar wasu amfanin gona kamar sha'ir, hatsin rai, alkama, da triticale. Yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan dake da kunkuntar ganye kuma suna da yawan gaske a cikin hatsin hatsi a arewacin kasar. Ya zama jinsin da ke kai hari ko mummunan tasiri ga babban amfanin gona. Lokacin bayyana yana farawa a watan Oktoba kuma yana ƙarewa a cikin Afrilu.
Don samun damar gano hatsi mai hauka, dole ne ku san menene ainihin halayensa. Dole ne mu sani cewa ba jinsin ne kawai ba Avena santa, amma kuma an hada da wani rukuni na shuke-shuke wadanda suke da irin wadannan halaye. Don samun damar gano yashin mahaukaci, ya zama dole a nuna wasu manyan maɓallan da zasu taimaka mana gano shi:
- Mafi yawan jinsunan hatsin daji sune Dabbobin daji, Avena sterilis da wani jinsinsa da aka sani da Udoan hatsi na Ludovician. Duk wadannan nau'ikan zasu iya shafar amfanin gona mara kyau, kamar dai wanda muka ambata a farko yayi.
- Daga cikin siffofin siffofin halittar da wadannan tsirrai suke da shi shi ne an nada su kuma basu da atria. Ana iya gano su da ido mara kyau a cikin lokacin pre-flowering. Kuma ita ce ciyawar da aka birgima wacce bata da ko belun kunne kuma lallenta membranous ne.
- Ita tsiro ce mai ban haushi don amfanin gona kuma yana da wahalar kawarwa tunda tana da ƙarancin mutuwa. Hannunta ya zama babba kuma yana da tsakanin 25 zuwa 45% na tsaba a cikin ƙasa.
Lalacewar da Avena bakararre
Akwai magunguna da yawa don sarrafa hatsi. Koyaya, zamu nemi wanda yake da ƙwarewa sosai a cikin hatsi waɗanda galibi ya shafa. Abu na farko shine sanin illar da wannan tsiron zai iya haifarwa domin gano wannan nau'in daidai. Waɗannan su ne lalacewar da Avena sterilis ke haifarwa a cikin amfanin gona:
- Yana samar da gasa mafi girma tare da albarkatu: Dole ne ku sani cewa duk albarkatu suna gwagwarmaya don abubuwan gina jiki da albarkatu a cikin ƙasa. Duk sararin da aka shuka amfanin gona yana da iyakantaccen fili don iya fadada asalinsu da kuma shan abubuwan da ke buƙatar ci gaba. Idan muka sami tsire-tsire wanda yawan mutuwarsa yana da ƙasa kuma haɓakar faɗaɗarsa ta yi yawa, gasa don albarkatu zai haɓaka. Wannan na iya haifar da asara mai yawa na tattalin arziƙi a ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa. Muna magana ne game da yawa tsakanin 5 zuwa 25 shuke-shuke a kowace murabba'in mita.
- Rashin kulawa: idan ba a aiwatar da cikakken iko na yawan jama'a ba, hatsin daji zai ninka cikin sauri. Kuma shine cewa yawanta zai iya ninka cikin shekara guda kawai.
- Kashewa: Tare da kyawawan matakan kulawa, zamu iya kusan kawar da jinsin cikin shekaru 4-5.
Ba kamar yatsu ba ana tunanin wasu nau'in, ba tsire-tsire masu mamayewa ba. Simplyasar tana da sauƙi kawai amma mutane ba za su iya amfani da ita ba. Kasancewa tsirrai wanda ke da halaye masu kyau kuma yake dacewa da yanayin yanayin ƙasa, yawanci yakan ɗauki dogon lokaci. Wannan shine abin da ya maida shi sako. Kada mu dame ciyawa da tsire-tsire masu mamayewa. Yakamata a kawar da wanzuwarsu a wuraren girma inda suke damun wasu shuke-shuke da haifar da matsaloli wajen samarwa.
Sarrafa Avena bakararre
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, akwai magunguna da yawa don kula da yaduwar cutar Avena sterilis. Koyaya, zamu ambaci wane magani ne yafi tasiri don sarrafa ci gaban mahaɗa mai hatsi. Mafi ingancin magani da ake samu a yau shine amfani da zaɓi na Syngenta bayan fitowar ganye. Amfani da wannan ciyawar na da kyau sosai a sha'ir, alkama, hatsin rai da triticale.
Bari mu ga menene allurai kuma yaya zamuyi amfani da wannan maganin kashe ciyawar don cin gajiyar fa'idodinsa:
- Kashi: kaso don ingancin mafi ƙarancin kashi ya zama mai kyau zuwa 96.8%, matsakaicin kashi 98%.
- Lokacin aikace-aikace: Bai cancanci amfani da shi a kowane lokaci ba amma dole ne ku sami hanyar haɓaka ƙimar sa. Idan mukayi amfani da shi a farkon godson, ingancinsa akan wannan shuka shine 96.8%, yayin da idan mukayi amfani dashi lokacin da godson yake, zamu cimma nasarar 98.1%.
- Dabbobi daban-daban: Mun ambata a baya cewa akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan hatsi masu yawa kuma dole ne mu fahimci wanene ɗayansu. Koyaya, wannan maganin kashe ciyawar yana aiki sosai akan nau'ikan halittu kamar Avena sterilis, Avena fatua da Avena ludoviciana.
Ofaya daga cikin nasihun da ake bayarwa ga waɗanda suke amfani da wannan maganin kashe ciyawar shine masu zuwa. Dole ne ku sanya maganin kashe ciyawa tsakanin farawa da ƙarshen allahn kuma dole ku fesa. Dole ne ku nemi lokacin da ciyawar ta fara girma kuma suna cikin haɓakar su ta aiki. Bugu da kari, yana da ban sha'awa a yi amfani da wannan ciyawar tare da yanayi mai kyau na danshi na ƙasa da isasshen zazzabi. Yawan abutments gaba ɗaya tsakanin lita 0.75 ga kowace kadada ta fili. Dogaro da ci gaba da hatsi da matakin ɓarna na duk albarkatun gona, wannan kashi na iya zama da ɗan girma ko ƙasa.
Ina fatan cewa da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da Avena sterilis da yadda ake sarrafa shi.