Shin sunan Hevea Brazil? Tabbas baku taba jin sa ba a rayuwarku, sai dai kuyi karatun ilimin tsirrai ko sana’o’i masu alaƙa. Koyaya, da alama kun san wane nau'in muke magana akansa, tunda ana amfani dashi a cikin aiwatarwa a ƙasashen Turai da Asiya don ƙirƙirar roba.
A yau mun ba da dama da fifiko ga itacen roba. Kuna tuna ta yanzu? Kazalika, yanzu zaku san dalla-dalla duk mahimman fannoni na wannan shukar kuma gwargwadon halaye da mazaunin ta, zaku iya sanin ko zai yiwu ku same shi a cikin gidanku ko a'a.
Janar bayanai na Hevea Brazil
Kamar yadda kuka sani an san shi da sunan batsa "itacen roba”. Yana da nau'ikan wurare masu zafi, wanda yake na jinsi Hewa, kuma wanda asalinsa yake a yankin Kudancin Amurka. Na dangi ne Euphorbiaceae kuma a yau akwai gonaki da yawa, a duk duniya.
Tabbas, don shuka amfanin gona mai kyau, yankin da dole ne a same shi dole ne ya kasance fasali na wurare masu zafi ko yanayi. Don haka abu ne na yau da kullun a ganshi a ƙasashe kamar Brazil, Venezuela da sauran Latin Amurka, kamar yadda akwai gonaki a kudu maso gabashin Asiya da yawancin Yammacin Afirka.
Potentialarfin wannan tsire yana da girma, hakan cikin sauƙi yayi nasarar maye gurbin babban tushen samar da roba na halitta. Har wa yau har yanzu yana cikin matsayi na farko kuma ƙila ba kawai saboda wannan gaskiyar mai ban sha'awa ba, har ma da halayen tsire waɗanda za mu gani nan gaba.
Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa nomansa a yau yana da girma a cikin ƙasashen Asiya, amma ɗayan manyan gonaki da albarkatu na duniya suna cikin Hawaii. Yanzu, bari mu matsa zuwa halayen tsire-tsire waɗanda suke sa shi ya zama mai gamsarwa, na musamman kuma wanda ake buƙata ƙwarai.
Ayyukan
hay bayanai da yawa don rufe dangane da halayen tsire-tsire. Amma za mu yi shi a hanya mai sauƙi kuma kai tsaye.
Bayyanar jiki
Abu ne mai sauki a gano wannan tsiron ta yadda yake a zahiri, tunda tana da farin itace kuma ƙarshenta ya yi tsawo. Da sauƙi mai kulawa da kyau zai iya kaiwa mita 40 ba tare da wata matsala ba, kodayake mafi ƙarancin tsayinsa ya kai mita 15 ko 20.
Hakazalika, yana da babban farfajiya. Wannan shi ne bangaren da galibi ake amfani da shi don cire farin ruwa mai madara wanda ke tashi da zarar an yi yanka a cikin bawon. Amma ga akwati, ta girma gaba ɗaya madaidaiciya, abu na al'ada shine cewa yana da tsakanin 30 zuwa 60 cm na diamita.
Latex
Latex a cikin sifar ruwa shine babban abin sha'awa da kebantattun shuke-shuke, an kiyasta cewa jinsi ya riga ya kai matakin girma zai iya ɗaukar 30% roba a cikin haushi.
Dogaro da hanyoyin da ake aiwatarwa, Wannan za'a iya hade shi ko sarrafa shi don samun samfuran samfuran, kamar yadda tayoyin suke. Ko da nau'ikan abubuwa da yawa ana iya yin su daga wannan kututturen da aka samo daga shuka, irin wannan batun safofin hannu ne masu aikin tiyata.
Bar
Ganyayyaki ba su cika bayyana a cikin sura ko launi ba. Abin da na sani shi ne suna da tsayi sosai, tunda zasu iya kaiwa 16 cm a tsayi yayin da nisa yakai 7 cm mafi yawa. Ya kamata a ambata cewa ganyayyaki suna faɗuwa yayin da shukar ta kusanto lokacin rani. Alamar cewa wannan aikin zai fara shine a cikin ganyayyaki waɗanda suke a cikin kambin bishiyar ayan juya launi mai zurfin ja. Bayan haka suna dawowa kuma bayan wani lokaci, ya sake girma.
Lokacin rayuwa
Wasu suna da'awar cewa hakan tsire-tsire wanda ƙarfin rayuwarsa shekaru 100, wasu suna tunanin cewa rayuwarsa kawai 30 ne a mafi yawancin. Gaskiyar ita ce, komai zai dogara ne da dalilai kamar yankin da tsiron ya ke, yanayin mahalli kuma sama da komai, ko mutane suna kula da shi ko ba shi don kasuwanci.
Kadarorin Latex
An riga an riga an kayyade cewa babban abin da ke jan hankalin shuka shine latti, amma har yanzu ba a tattauna kaddarorin wannan ruwan ba. Don haka, ya kamata ku sani cewa:
- Tana da tsakanin hydrocarbons 30 zuwa 35%.
- Ya ƙunshi kawai 0.5% toka.
- Kusan 1.5% furotin
- 2% kawai resin.
- 5% quebrachitol.
Habitat
A cikin sassan da suka gabata asalin wannan jinsin an ambace shi ne sama-sama da kuma inda yawanci suke noma shi, amma wannan batun ba a yi maganarsa kwata-kwata ba. Sabili da haka, dole ne ku sani cewa tsire-tsire na roba yafi yawa kusa da Kogin Amazon. Yana cikin wannan wurin inda yawanci yake tsiro da yanayi kuma tare da yalwa mai yawa.
Tabbas, wannan ba shine kadai wuri ba a cikin Latin Amurka inda ake samunsa tunda ana iya samun wannan nau'in a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Brazil, wasu sassan Venezuela, a cikin Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia da sauran kasashen Latin Amurka.
Gaskiyar ita ce don wannan tsiron ya girma, kamar yadda kuka sani sarai, yana buƙatar yanayi mai takamaiman halaye. A gare shi, dole ne ya kasance a cikin yankin da ke da ƙarancin zafiDole ne ya zama kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin rana duk da cewa shima yana iya girma a cikin inuwa mai kusan rabin, yana da ikon girma a wuraren da mutum ya damu (anan ne batun sare dazuzzuka da sararin sararin samaniya ke shiga), da sauran halaye.
Duk da cewa gaskiya ne cewa wannan tsiron yana da fa'idodi masu yawa, yana kawo matsaloli da yawa waɗanda bamu gani da ido ba. Kuma shine duk lokacin da ake noma su a wasu ƙasashe. Wannan yana fassara zuwa kawar da yankunan daji ko na daji inda wasu jinsunan ke girma da sauka.
Wannan yana haifar da bacewar jinsin halittu da yana taimakawa wajen kara matakan dumamar yanayi. Kuma muddin baku da tushen kayan leda kamar wanda aka samu daga wannan shuka, wannan zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa.
Al'adu
Mun ƙare wannan labarin tare da batun da kuke mamakin abin yanzu. Da kyau, abu na farko da ya kamata ku sani shi ne cewa idan yana yiwuwa a sami wannan tsiron a cikin lambun ka a matsayin abin shuka na ado.
Don wannan, dole ne ku kasance a cikin yanki nesa da sanyi kuma ƙari tare da yanayin wurare masu zafi tare da wani matakin ɗumi. Na gaba shine gano wuri inda rana ta same ku kai tsaye, amma ba shakka, kula da cewa yanayin zafi mai yawa yana tasiri, tun da yake ba zai iya jure zafi mai yawa ba.
Amma ruwan da ya kamata ku tanada, yakamata kayi duk bayan kwana uku ko hudu. Amma wannan zai banbanta gwargwadon lokacin shekara kuma yawan ruwa ba zai zama daidai da wanda kuka zuba a lokacin rani fiye da na hunturu ba.