Masarautar Botanical ta Madrid

Idan kuna da sha'awar aikin lambu da / ko tsirrai gabaɗaya, ina ba ku shawarar ku ziyarci lambun tsirrai ... Za ku ji daɗi sosai tun kuna yaro! Idan kun kasance daga Spain ko kuna shirin zuwa, ya kamata ku sani cewa ɗaya daga cikin mahimman mahimmanci shine Masarautar Botanical ta Madrid.

Me yasa? Kuna tambaya. Akwai wasu da yawa, amma gaskiyar ita ce 'yan kaɗan suna da tarihi sosai a bayansu. Duk da yake kuna tunanin ko za ku je ko a'a, Ina gayyatarku ka kasance tare da ni don mu hadu da shi a wannan talifin .

Mene ne Gidan Sarauta Botanical na Madrid?

Kodayake sunan kansa yana nuna shi, amma ana iya cewa hakan cibiya ce ta binciken kimiyya, musamman ilimin tsirrai. A halin yanzu yana daga Babban Majalisar don Nazarin Kimiyya (CSIC). Sarki Fernando VI ne ya kafa shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1755, 1781 a cikin Soto de Migas Calientes, kusa da Kogin Manzanares, amma Sarki Carlos III ya ba da umarnin a sauya shi, a cikin XNUMX, zuwa Paseo del Prado, wanda yake inda yake a yau.

Menene tarihinta?

Tarihin Gidan Aljannar Botanical na Madrid farawa a 1755, lokacin da Sarki Fernando VI ya kafa shi a gabar Kogin Manzanares. Kusan wancan lokacin yana da shuke-shuke sama da 2000, wanda wani masanin ilimin tsirrai da likitan fida mai suna José Quer ya tattara daga tafiye-tafiyensa a yankin teku da kuma Turai.

Kamar yadda yawancin tsire-tsire ke da yawa kuma sarari ya iyakance, Carlos III ya ba da umarnin sauya shi zuwa Paseo del Prado. Kuma bai kasance shi kaɗai ba. Masanin kimiyyar Casimiro Gómez Ortega na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka shiga aikin ginin, kuma Firayim Ministansa, ofidaya na Floridablanca, muna tunanin cewa taimaka ma bayan ayyukan ba wai kawai Prado Hall za a ƙawata ba, amma har ma (kuma sama da duka ) saboda yankin zai kasance a matsayin 'kyauta' don yin magana game da Kimiyya da kere-kere, da kuma ga duk waɗanda suke da aikin da ya dace da su.

Tsakanin shekara ta 1774 da 1781, wacce ita ce shekarar ƙarshe da aka ƙaddamar da ita, an yi aiki na farko, rarraba Aljanna a matakai uku da ɓangaren shinge, wanda Gateofar Sarauta ta yi fice. Bayan 'yan shekaru, Tsakanin 1785 da 1789, Juan de Villanueva, ya aiwatar da aiki na biyu wanda ya mamaye kadada goma da aka rarraba a matakai uku saba da halaye na ƙasa.

Lowerananan filayen nan biyu, waɗanda ake kira Tables da Makarantun Botanical, sun kasance a yau kamar yadda aka gina su, amma na sama, Terrace of the Plane of the Flower, an sake fasalin ta a cikin karni na sha tara don ba ta ƙarin kyawun shuke-shuke.

Kamar kowane lambun tsirrai na ainihi wanda ya cancanci gishirin sa, a wancan lokacin yana da zane da zane na shuke-shuke, iri, seedsa fruitsan itace, shuke-shuke masu rai, laburare, tarin kimiyya, da sauransu. Duk wurin an kiyaye shi ta hanyar, in ji su, kyakkyawan kwarin ƙarfe.

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Kodayake ta shiga cikin abubuwa da yawa (ta yi asarar kadada biyu a cikin shekarar 1882 saboda suna bukatarta don gina Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona, ta yi fama da guguwa a cikin 1886 wanda ta rusa bishiyoyi 564 masu darajar gaske, kuma a cikin 1893 ta rasa wani yanki saboda shi An yi amfani da shi don buɗe titin masu sayar da littattafai, wanda yanzu ake kira da suna Cuesta de Claudio Moyano), gaskiyar ita ce yana iya alfahari da kasancewa ɗayan mahimman abubuwa a cikin Turai.

A cikin 1939 ya zama mai dogaro da CSIC, kuma a shekara ta 1947 aka ayyana ta a matsayin Tarihin Kasa. A cikin 1974 an rufe shi na ɗan lokaci saboda lokaci ya yi da za a dawo da salo na asali, waɗanda masu ginin gine-ginen Antonio Fernánmdez Alba da Guillermo Sánchez Gil suka bayar; Leandro Silva Delgado, shi ne mai shimfidar filin da ke kula da kawata lambuna.

Don haka a halin yanzu ya ƙunshi nau'ikan shuke-shuke dubu 5 daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Me za mu iya samu a kowane ɗayan baranda?

Terrace na zane-zane

Anan zaku more tarin lambu, magani, shuke-shuke masu daɗin ji, tsoffin furanni, kayan lambu kewaye da shinge na akwati. A ƙarshen tsakiyar tafiya suna da roki.

Terrace na Makarantun Botanical

An samo shi tarin haraji na wasu tsirrai, wanda dangi suka shirya. Suna kusa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa goma sha biyu waɗanda ke ba ka damar zagaya duniyar tsirrai sanin daga mafi ƙarancin jinsuna zuwa mafi 'zamani'.

Terrace na Jirgin Fure

Akwai manyan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi wannan kamar ba zai bi umarni ba. A gefen arewa suna da tsarin greenhouse wanda ake kira Graells greenhouse, wanda shine inda tsire-tsire masu zafi da na ruwa, kuma kusa da shi, mafi girma da kuma zamani wanda ake amfani dashi azaman baje koli. Dividedarshen ya kasu kashi uku daban-daban na yanayi (na wurare masu zafi, masu yanayi da hamada), kowannensu yana da takamaiman tsirrai.

Terrace na Laureles

An kara shi a matsayin ƙari a cikin 2005, kuma shine aka tanada don tara tarin na musamman, kamar su bonsai wanda tsohon shugaban kasa Felipe González ya bayar.

Ari game da Lambun Botanical na Madrid

Baya ga shimfidar wurare masu ban sha'awa, har ila yau suna da tarin kimiyya da yawa. Ofaya daga cikinsu shine herbarium, wanda ke tattara kusan zanen gado miliyan; wani kuma shi ne laburare da rumbun adana bayanai, wadanda suka kunshi kimanin litattafai 30 na tsirrai, taken ci gaban zamani 2075, taken microfiche 3000, taswira 2500 da kasida 26 ko kuma buga takardu; da bankin germplasm, wanda anan ne suke adana irin da suka tara kansu kuma suke musaya da wasu cibiyoyi a duniya.

Wasu daga cikin sanannun littattafan kimiyya sune:

• Tarihin lambun Botanical na Madrid: wacce ita ce mujallar da take wallafa labarai a kan ilimin tsirrai, da kuma fannoni masu alaƙa da su kamar su bioinformatics, ecophysiology, da sauransu.
• Fulawar Iberiya: shi ne littafin da ke magana game da tsire-tsire na jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke cikin Iasar Iberiya da Tsibirin Balearic.

Lokacin buɗewa na Lambun Botanical na Madrid da farashin shiga

Idan kana son zuwa ka ganta, dole ne ka tafi Plaza de Murillo lamba 2, a Madrid. Kuna iya zuwa can tare da metro daga Estación del Arte. Jadawalin kamar haka:

• Daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu: daga 10 na safe zuwa 18 na yamma daga Litinin zuwa Lahadi.
• Maris da Oktoba: daga 10 na safe zuwa 10 na safe zuwa 19 na yamma daga Litinin zuwa Lahadi.
• Afrilu da Satumba: daga 10 na safe zuwa 20 na yamma daga Litinin zuwa Lahadi.
• Daga Mayu zuwa Agusta: daga 10 na safe zuwa 21 na yamma daga Litinin zuwa Lahadi.

Game da farashi, sune kamar haka:

• Manya: Yuro 6
• Dalibai da manya daga manyan iyalai: Yuro 4
• Sama da 65s: Yuro 2,50.
• A karkashin 18s: kyauta.

Don zuwa wasu daga cikin bita da suke yi, dole ne ku bincika jadawalin da farashin.

Ji dadin shi!