Mun san cewa a cikin lambunan gida a gaba ɗaya amfanin gonar na iya haɗari da kwari da cututtuka waɗanda ke rage yawan amfanin gona. Daya daga cikin hanyoyin kare tsirrai daga cututtuka shine amfani da tagulla. Koyaya, mutane da yawa basu sani ba lokacin tagulla tumatir. Tumatir tsirrai ne wadanda kwari da cuta da dama ke addabarsu kuma dole ne a kiyaye su daga yaduwa.
Sabili da haka, a cikin wannan labarin za mu koya muku lokacin da za ku rufe tumatir da abin da za ku iya kare shi.
Cututtukan tumatir
Mun san cewa noman tumatir yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da masu lambun masarufi ke yabawa. Koyaya, duk da cewa su shuke-shuke ne masu ƙarfi kuma suna da ƙarfi waɗanda zasu iya dacewa da yawancin ƙasashe, za a iya kai hari ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka. Don tabbatar da ingantaccen noman tumatir, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da wasu ayyukan gudanarwa waɗanda ke taimaka mana rage girman buƙatar jiyya. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan ayyukan shine amfani da sulfate na jan ƙarfe.
Copper sulfate ana kiransa kusan kowane nau'in fungicide wanda yake zuwa daga jan ƙarfe. Akwai nau'ikan samfuran da za a yi amfani da su wajen kare amfanin gona. Yawancin iri suna hawa shuke-shuke don haka suna buƙatar kewaye su, ƙananan onlyan tsire-tsire ne kawai ke girma a cikin ƙasa. Dole ne a datse tsire-tsire yayin da suke girma. Da zarar tsiron tumatir ya girma fure na uku, ana ba da shawarar cire tsofaffin ganyen daga ƙasa. Ba su da ganyayyaki sosai, wanda ke sa samun iska wahala. Wadannan kulawa masu sauki suna tabbatar da isasshen iska na hasken rana da shuke-shuke, yana taimaka musu hana mummunan matsalolin fungal.
Idan koda tare da wadannan kyawawan halaye kuna son samun ingantaccen rigakafin, ya kamata ku san lokacin da za ku ƙara jan ƙarfe zuwa tumatir. Yana da mahimmanci muyi amfani da wasu matakan rigakafin kafin magani kamar haka. Akwai manyan cututtukan fungal guda biyu a noman tumatir. Isaya daga cikin fulawa ne, ɗayan kuma fure mai laushi. Dogaro da yanayin zafi da yanayin zafin jiki, da ƙwarewar nau'ikan da yawan allurar farko, shukar zata zama mai saukin kamuwa da cuta ɗaya ko wata tumatir.
Don magance waɗannan cututtuka, muna da mahimman kayayyaki guda biyu: jan ƙarfe da sulphur. Kowannensu yana da halaye da aikace-aikace daban-daban, don haka yana da mahimmanci a fahimci abin da ake amfani da shi da yadda ake amfani da shi don samun kyakkyawan sakamako. Abin da ya sa za mu gaya muku lokacin da za a ƙara tagulla a cikin tumatir.
Yaushe ake jan tumatir
Abu na farko shi ne sanin meye da yadda za mu iya gane tumatir dinmu yayin da wannan cuta ta same shi. Cuta ce tare da asalin fungal, yaduwarta ana samun tagomashi da ita yanayin danshi da yanayin zafi wadanda suke cikin zangon daga 10 zuwa 25 digiri.
Ana iya gano mold a matakin farko ta koren haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa akan ganyen shuke-shuke, wanda zai bunkasa har sai ya bushe sosai. Hakanan yana yaduwa cikin sauƙi ta hanyar rikici, don haka guji sarrafa tsire-tsire masu cuta.
Hanya mafi kyau don magance wannan naman gwari shine a dauki matakan kariya, kamar zabi nau'ikan amfanin gona masu jure cuta wanda ya fi dacewa da yankin, wanda ke son samun iska na tsire-tsire, kuma kar a yi watsi da raunukan da aka yanke, ko ma cire sassan da abin ya shafa. Idan kana son yin amfani da wani sinadarin da yake da tasiri, zai fi kyau ka san lokacin da za ka tagulla tumatir. A cikin duniyar aikin gona, an ba da izinin rigakafin, jan ƙarfe. Magungunan kayan gwari ne wanda ke afkawa fungi da yawa banda fure mai laushi kuma yana da matukar tasiri azaman kashe kwayoyin cuta.
Fa'idar da tagulla ke bayarwa akan sauran nau'ikan rigakafin shine cewa tana da dogon jimrewa kuma tana aiki har tsawon lokaci bayan anyi amfani da ita. Aikace-aikacen rigakafin jan ƙarfe da ƙibiritu suna da mahimmanci, sama da duka, a lokutan da akwai ƙwarewar yanayin zafi mafi girma da zafin jiki mafi girma. Bugu da kari, kar a manta cewa tagulla muhimmiyar kwayar halitta ce wacce ta wajaba don ci gaban noman tumatir. Maciji yana da nutsuwa ta asali kuma yana zama ɓangare na tsarin tsire-tsire, yana shiga cikin ayyuka kamar su chlorophyll biosynthesis. Da Chlorophyll Wajibi ne don hotuna da kuma, sabili da haka, don ci gaban albarkatu da albarkatu. Yana da wahala a sami gazawar jan ƙarfe a cikin lambunan, tunda wannan aikin ana aiwatar da shi akasari bisa tsarin lafiyar jiki.
Yaushe tumatir zai yi aiki
Copper yana yin fim na bakin ciki akan ganyayen amfanin gona kuma fungi wanda ke kai hari ga shuke-shuke yana shagaltar da shi, galibi yayin matakin tsirewar tsire-tsire. Wannan yana nufin cewa ayyukanta na rigakafi ne, kuma idan tsiron ya riga ya kamu da rashin lafiya, ba zai yi tasiri ba.
Wani yanayin da dole ne a kula dashi shine cewa an sanya shi azaman kayan haɗi, wanda ke sauƙaƙa wanka a cikin ruwan sama kuma dole ne a sake amfani dashi. Ana ba da shawarar yin hakan bayan shuke-shuke sun bushe. Kulawa ta musamman yakamata ayi yayin amfani da ita tare da sauran kayan, tunda idan ana amfani dashi da takin foliar, ana iya shaƙar jan ƙarfe a cikin tsiron, a wannan yanayin zai iya zama mai guba ga amfanin gona. Hakanan ya kamata ku yi hankali tare da adadin, saboda zagi na iya haifar da tarawar abubuwa a cikin ƙasa ya ratsa tushen.
Zamu iya samun tsari daban-daban akan kasuwa don siyan jan ƙarfe. Kowane nau'ikan nau'ikan yana da nau'ikan daban-daban kuma an daidaita su daidai da bukatun kowannensu. Bari mu ga menene manyan hanyoyin:
- Copper sulphate: Shi ne mafi dagewa, kodayake shi ma ya fi cutarwa saboda yana da ƙananan ƙwayoyi kuma suna iya shiga cikin tsire-tsire.
- Copper oxychloride: wannan ba mai dagewa bane tunda yana aiki tare da wahala mafi girma ga shuke-shuke. Shine wanda ke gabatar da ƙananan matsalolin rashin lafiyar jiki tunda yana da tsada sosai don bin tsire-tsire.
- Gishiri mai dadi: Yana da nau'ikan da ke da babban juriya kuma yana iya jure wankin da kyau. Wannan ya ba da shawarar ga wuraren noman tumatir inda suke da tsarin mulki mai yawan ruwan sama.
- Copper hydroxide: yana da tsayin daka tunda tsarinsa yana aiki da sauri kuma yana haifar da sakamako mai firgita.
Kwanan nan, a cikin kula da lafiyar muhalli da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, an yi amfani da sabon shiri wanda aka samo daga jan ƙarfe, jan gluconate. Wannan samfurin ne wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙarfe amma an yi shi da gluconic acid. Babban aikinta shine yana inganta hanyar aikin jan ƙarfe, kuma yana samar da sakamako mai kyau yayin kasancewa mai girmamawa da muhalli da gujewa cutar phytotoxicity ta ƙarshe. Godiya ga wannan, muna amfani da ƙananan jan ƙarfe da haɓaka ƙwarewar sa. Ta wannan hanyar, zamu sami kyakkyawan sakamako tare da rashin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da yadda ake jan tumatir.
Daga kuma har sai yaushe zan iya ƙara jan karfe a cikin tsire-tsire na tumatir, godiya
Sannu Salvador.
Tun da samfurin muhalli ne amma yana iya ƙone tushen, muna ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi kawai a cikin bazara idan ya kasance foda na jan karfe. Idan kuma feshi ne, ana iya shafa shi a duk lokacin kakar ( bazara da bazara) matukar ba a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye a lokacin shafa ba.
Gabaɗaya, za a yi shi sau ɗaya a mako ko kowane kwanaki 15. Haka kuma ba zai yi kyau a zagi ba.
Na gode!