Vetch (Vicia sativa)

La vicia sativa tsire-tsire ne mai tsiro wanda, kamar yadda aka sani, yana da asali a duk yankin Rum da Afirka da yankin Asiya, sannan kuma aka rarraba ba tare da wani damuwa a duniya ba.

Wannan yana da alaƙa da Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin yanayin dabbobi, a matsayin fodder kuma a cikin 'ya'yan itace amfanin gona. Wannan tsiron yana da matukar alfanu ga kasa, yana ba shi kwarin gwiwa don samar da kyawawan albarkatu, don haka a cikin wannan labarin za mu nuna muku halaye da mahimmancinsa.

Daga ina sunan ya fito vicia sativa?

Jinsin shuke-shuke da ake kira Vicia, daga cikinsu akwai nau'ikan 230 da aka yarda da suDaga cikin sama da 900 da aka samo a cikin yanayi, suna da wannan suna tun Rome ta dā, kasancewar Marco Varrón, wani hafsan soja da jami'in wannan daular, wanda a karon farko ya sanya wa wannan rukunin tsire-tsire waɗanda a da ake kira Veza, da sunan Vicia.

Wannan a fili yake saboda ɗayan halayen vicia sativa shine hawa tsakanin wani tsiron yana hawarsa, don haka wannan hanyar kira zai haifar da fi'ilin Vincere, wanda ke nufin cin nasara, kuma shine cewa yana "kayar da" tsiron da yake hawa akansa, yana kewaye dashi gabadaya.

Ayyukan

Lokacin da muke magana game da wannan tsire-tsire, muna nufin shuka shekara-shekara, na nau'in herbaceous, wanda ke cikin dangin legume shuke-shuke, kasancewarta tsire mai aunawa a mafi karancin magudanarta, tsakanin 10 zuwa 15 santimita, don zuwa mafi tsayi tsakanin kusan santimita 75 zuwa 80.

Tsirrai a cikin tsari na tsari yana da murabba'i mai kusurwa huɗu kuma yana da karko mai tushe, wanda ke nufin cewa ana iya ɗaura shi da wasu tsire-tsire, yana jagorantar sa a cikin ci gaban sa ko hawa hawa a saman wurare daban daban. Wannan zai bunkasa dangane da yanayin yanayi da kuma a wuraren da yanayin bazara ke gabatar da yawan ruwan sama, wannan na iya wuce ma'aunin santimita 80 da muka ambata a baya.

La vicia sativa Yana da a cikin takaddun bayanansa waɗanda suka bayyana ta wata hanyar akasi akan rachis, amma nau'i-nau'i, shi yasa ake cewa ganyensa na paripinnate. Gabaɗaya an haɗa su tsakanin ganye 4 ko 8 na ganyayyaki, suna ƙarewa a ƙarshen ƙarshen kafa ta ƙananan hanyoyi waɗanda ke ɗauke da raɗaɗi.

Launin furanninta yana da ƙarfi sosai, samun damar nuna kyawawan abubuwa masu launin shuɗi a farkon furannin ta, don isa da ɗan ƙaramin launi mai ja yayin girma.

Wadannan zasu iya auna tsakanin milimita 10 zuwa 30 kimantawa da kuma corolla dinsu gaba daya tsari ne kama da malam buɗe ido. Game da rashin salo, ana gabatar da shi azaman tsere, yana nuna asalin filayen da ke haɗe da bayarwa tsakanin furanni 1 zuwa 2 waɗanda basu da ƙaton kafa.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da tsaba

Dangane da 'ya'yan itace, wadannan sune legume a yanayi, kaiwa tsayin da zai iya zuwa kimanin santimita 8 ko 9 kuma ya kasance na launuka waɗanda ke tafiya daga launin rawaya mai launin rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa da launin duhu yayin balagarta. A cikin kusan nauyin gram 100 zasu iya dacewa kusan tsaba 1000 kusan, saboda haka nauyin su da gaske haske ne.

'Ya'yanta suna da fasali mai fasali kuma mai kamannin oval sannan kuma suna gabatar da launuka kama da na' ya'yan itacen, kodayake mafi yawanci a wannan nau'in shine ganin tsaba mai launin ruwan kasa, freckled, a bango na launin da ke tsakanin launin toka mai rawaya da mafi ƙarfi rawaya.

Kodayake asalin asalin wannan tsiron ba takamaimai kuma a bayyane yake ba, an kammala cewa tabbas tsire ne na BatureWuraren yaduwar sa kuma sune Arewacin Afirka da Asiya kuma sun haɗu zuwa yankunan China da Siberia, kasancewar suna gama gari a cikin waɗannan wuraren da aka ambata.

Al'adu

La vicia sativa An noma shi a duk duniya, tunda yana da kyau don samar da abinci kuma yana da fa'ida sosai ga ƙasar sauran nau'o'in amfanin gona. Nuna musamman juriya ga sanyi, wanda ya zama mafi saurin lokacin da ya kai girman girma.

Zazzabin da yafi dacewa da kai don noman ka, na iya zama kusan 18-27 digiri CelsiusZuwan bazara lokaci ne da zai buƙaci ƙarin ruwa don isa girbi mai nasara, don haka wannan shine lokacin da za a ƙarfafa maganinsa da samar masa da ruwa mai yawa.

Kusan babu wata ƙasa da za ta zama matsala ga wannan amfanin gona don haɓaka. Dole ne ƙasa mai yumbu ta kasance kuma ba tare da kowane irin sinadarin gina jiki ba don kar ya bunkasa. Akasin sauran tsire-tsire irin wannan, ba lallai ne ku yi aiki da yawa don samun wadataccen amfanin gona a kan ƙasa ba.

Amfanin

Baya ga kasancewa ɗayan shuke-shuke da ake amfani da shi azaman abinci, la mataimakin sativa yana da matukar mahimmanci ga duniya inda za a noma wasu nau'ikan nau'in amfanin gona da ake yawan amfani da su. Yana da cewa wannan nau'in yana samun muhimmiyar gudummawar haɓakar nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, wani abu da ke ba da damar haɓakar sauran albarkatu da yawa.

Ta wannan hanyar, galibi ana amfani da ita azaman magabata, don "shirya" ƙasar don noman dawa ko masara, tsakanin sauran nau'ikan tsire-tsire. Dangane da abinci, na iya fito da ɗayan da ke gabatar da daidaito, muddin aka cakuda shi da wasu ciyawar a matsayin kari, tunda a cikin tsarkakakken halinsa, zai iya zama cutarwa ga dabbobi, saboda yana dauke da sinadarin glycoside da daci wanda shanu ba sa yarda da shi gaba daya.

Matsakaicin amfani da fruita fruitan yana faruwa ne lokacin da legan itacen ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin rashin balaga, kuma kwafon ba shi da cikakken tsari. Lokaci ne mafi kyau don samun su ba tare da waɗannan sun lalace ba ko kuma sun rasa dukiyoyinsu.

Kun riga kun san duk siffofin da fa'idodin vicia sativa, shuka An ba da shawarar sosai a matsayin haɓaka ga amfanin gona na kowane irin hatsi, saboda gudummawar su na hydrogen, da kuma karfafa duniya ko amfani dasu a matsayin jagora.