Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin dalilin da ya sa aka ƙirƙiri lambunan lambu? Bawai kawai ado bane. Waɗannan sune herbaria waɗanda ke ɗauke da nau'ikan tsire-tsire daban-daban don gudanar da karatu da bincike a yankuna daban-daban. Idan baku san menene herbarium ba, Ina baku shawara ku ci gaba da karatu.
Duniyar botan tana da faɗi kuma kyakkyawan wuri don ƙarin koyo game da tsire-tsire shine herbaria. Za mu bayyana abin da suke, abin da suke don, yadda za a ƙirƙira ɗaya da nau'ikan da ke akwai.
Menene herbarium kuma menene don shi?
Bari mu fara bayanin tambayar menene herbarium. Tarin tsirrai ne ko ɓangarorinsu waɗanda aka adana, bushe kuma aka gano waɗanda ke da mahimman bayanai, mai tattarawa da wuri da kwanan watan tattara su. Kodayake wannan lokacin yana nufin galibi tarin busassun shuke-shuke kanta, amma sararin samaniya wanda tarin yake a ciki ana kiransa herbarium.
Gabaɗaya mafi yawan tarin yawa ana samun su a cibiyoyin bincike, kamar sassan jami'a ko lambunan lambuna. Yawanci suna dogara ne akan aikin tattarawa wanda masu binciken su suka yi kuma ana ƙara musayar da aka yi da irin waɗannan cibiyoyin.
Har ila yau, wani muhimmin bangare na dukkan binciken tsirrai saboda tsirrai ne da ake samu a cikin herbaria, musamman ma duk wadanda suka shafi harajin tsirrai. Koyaya, kuma yana da amfani ga ilimin rayuwar ɗabi'a, floristic har ma da nazarin kwayoyin.
Amfani
Da yake magana game da menene herbarium, mun riga mun ambata cewa aikinsa yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci ga karatu da bincike daban-daban. Koyaya, zamu iya haskaka jimlar ƙarin maki uku dangane da fa'idarsa:
- Suna taimakawa don sanin ƙirar gida, yanki, ƙasa da ƙasa.
- Suna adana samfuran tsire-tsire masu haɗari waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin bacewa.
- Ta hanyar tsari da tsari, herbaria suna ilimantar da mutane game da banbanci da mahimmancin tsirrai.
Yaya ake yin tsire-tsire?
Kafin ƙirƙirar ganye, dole ne mu san abin da ya ƙunsa. Dole ne ku nemi tsire-tsire, tattara su, danna su, bushe su kuma a ƙarshe ku yi taron. Ta wannan hanyar, zamu iya saba da bambancin launuka, laushi da sifofin kayan lambu. Bugu da kari, zamu koyi bambance bambancen jinsuna. Kamar yadda muka riga muka san menene ganye, zamu iya ɗauka cewa an tattara tsire-tsire masu alaƙa da aikin don kowane ganye. Wato: Idan muna son yin ciyawar tsire-tsire masu magunguna, alal misali, ya kamata kawai tattara waɗancan kayan lambu waɗanda ke cikin wannan rukunin.
Dole ne kuma mu tuna da hakan jerin kayan aiki da kayan aiki ya zama dole don samun damar aiwatar da kirkirar ciyawar mu. A ƙasa za mu ga jerin kayan aikin:
- Kwali da aka saka
- Botanical latsa
- Likita
- Takarda
- Machete
- Scissors
- Fensir (alkalami na ballpoint bai kamata a yi amfani dashi azaman ba tawada na iya shafawa a ruwan sama)
- Manyan jakunkunan leda
- Littafin rubutu
Bukatun
Lokacin tattara tsire-tsire, yana da mahimmanci wadanda suke da kara, furanni ko 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau da ganye. Waɗannan tsarin sune zasu ba mu damar gano nau'ikan daban-daban, don haka suna da mahimmanci don kyakkyawan ganye. Koyaya, dangane da orchids da ferns, tushen shima ya zama dole, cire ƙasa mai yuwuwa.
Bugu da kari, kowane samfurin yakamata yakai kimanin santimita 30 a girma. A yanayin cewa sun fi girma, ya kamata a raba su zuwa sassa uku don daidaita su da ma'aunai. Akasin haka, idan tsire-tsire sun fi ƙanƙanta, manufa za ta kasance ta tattara samfuran da yawa. Amma ga lambar, abin da aka saba shine dauki samfura uku zuwa biyar ga kowane nau'in.
Wani abin buƙatar da dole ne muyi biyayya dashi shine alamun. Kowane kwafi dole ne ya kasance yana da ɗaya tare da lamba wanda dole ne ya dace da bayananmu a cikin littafin rubutu na filin. Ga kowane tsire-tsire dole ne mu rubuta abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Lambar shuka mai dacewa
- Sunan gama gari
- Sunan mu, ko na mai tarawa
- Yankin da aka tattara shi
- Ranar tattarawa
- Informationarin bayani game da wurin, kamar yanayi ko tsawo
- Ilimin halittu
- Fure da / ko launin 'ya'yan itace
- Ganye da iri
- Nau'in ƙasa
- Kayan lambu (daji, daji, acahual, da sauransu)
Abinda ya fi dacewa shine danna tsire-tsire da wuri-wuri, idan zai yiwu a rana guda. Koyaya, idan ba za mu iya aiwatar da wannan aikin a halin yanzu ba, dole ne mu yi amfani da manyan buhunan filastik don adana kwafin a cikinsu kuma mu yi ƙoƙari mu rufe jakar. Ta wannan hanyar zamu yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye danshi a wani babban matakin don kada tsire-tsire su yi niyya. Lokacin latsawa, dole ne ya zama daidai gwargwado ga yanayin yanayin tsiron. Wato, tsari na tushe tare da furanni, 'ya'yan itace da ganye dole ne su hayayyafa.
Waɗanne nau'ikan ganye ne a wurin?
Yanzu da yake mun san menene herbarium da yadda ake yin sa, bari mu ga nau'ikan da suke wanzu. Ana iya rarraba su bisa ga samfurin da suke dasu:
- Herbaria ta Duniya: Wadannan fure-fure masu tallata daga ko'ina cikin duniya.
- Na ƙasa: Sun ƙunshi samfura daga takamaiman ƙasa.
- Yanki da na gida: Anan zaku iya samun fure daga wani yanki, lardi ko yanki.
- Koyar da Herbaria: Waɗannan suna haɗe da cibiyoyin ilimi. A cikin waɗannan herbaria, ɗalibai suna riƙe tarin su.
- Binciken Herbaria: Sun ƙunshi samfurin shuke-shuke waɗanda suke na wani fanni na ilimi. Wannan na iya zama, alal misali, tsire-tsire masu magani, tsire-tsire masu haɓaka ko takamaiman iyalai kamar Asteraceae ko Fabaceae. Hakanan akwai ganyayyaki masu bincike waɗanda ke ɗauke da takamaiman rukunin kayan lambu, kamar su bryophytes ko tsire-tsire na ruwa.
Baya ga babban tarin ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire, ganyen ganye yana adana ƙarin abubuwan da suka danganci ilimin tsirrai. Daga cikinsu akwai samfuran itace, tarin tsaba da yayan itace, fungi, bryophytes, burbushin halittu har ma da kayan shuka wadanda aka adana su a cikin ruwa masu kiyayewa. Kari akan haka, zamu iya samun hotuna, zane-zane, kwafin kwatancen samfura ko shirye-shiryen microscopic.
Saboda haka zamu iya cewa herbarium kamar gidan kayan gargajiya ne. Saboda wannan, koyaushe wuri ne mai ban sha'awa sosai ga masoya ilimin lissafi.