Kowane ɗayan shuke-shuke da ke wanzuwa, kamar yadda yake a jikin mutum, suna da cikakkun sassan abubuwa kuma dukansu suna da takamaiman aiki. Wadannan bangarorin sune saiwar, ganyaye da kara.
Kullun shine tushe wanda yake da yankin, yawanci iska, na cormophytes, ban da kasancewar gabobin da yana kula da ajiye ganye da furanni har ma da fruitsa fruitsan itace a wurin. An rarrabe tushe daga tushen saboda yana da kumbura inda aka saka ganyaye da kumburin axillary, kuma saboda yana da mummunan yanayin yanayin ƙasa, wanda ke nufin cewa yana da ikon haɓaka akan ƙarfin nauyi.
A cikin cormophytes akwai jinsunan da suke da kara guda daya, wanda yake da tushe wanda baya reshe, kamar shuke-shuke waɗanda suke da tushe da yawa waɗanda ke da ƙwarya da ke rassa ta hanyoyi daban-daban gwargwadon aikin da meristems ke aiwatarwa.
Anatomically, mai tushe an yi shi da tsarin nama uku wanda ake kira kamar dermal, asali da fascicular ko jijiyoyin bugun jini.
A nasa bangaren, bambance-bambancen da ke faruwa a tsarin tushe a cikin nau'ikan halittu da manyan maganganu, sun kunshi ainihin bambance-bambance da ke faruwa a cikin dangin rarraba jijiyoyin jiki da na asali. Hakanan, haɓakar dogayen dogo tana farawa ne daga - aikin da aka yi ta kayan ado, kazalika da ci gaba mai zuwa na internodes, wanda aka sani da "Ci gaban firamare".
Wannan ci gaban yayi fice ga ƙara kauri kara, wannan shine sakamakon aikin da meristem na biyu suka gudanar (phellogen da cambium). Wannan ci gaban yawanci al'ada ba kawai a cikin motsa jiki ba, har ma a mafi yawan shrub da arboreal eudicotyledons, haifar da itace.
Hakanan yana da kyau a ambata cewa an rarraba tushe ta hanyar ra'ayoyi daban-daban, iri ɗaya waɗanda ke tafiya daga daidaiton da suke da su, zuwa gyare-gyaren da suke da su yayin daidaitawa a nau'ikan halittu daban-daban.
Ayyukan shuke-shuke suna zama masu mahimmanci don ci gaban su. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan ayyukan suna da alaƙa da duka biyun jigilar ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin shuke-shuke, da kuma tallafinsu na tsari.
Taimakon tsarin da itacen ya bayar yana nufin yin furanni, ganye da 'ya'yan itacen zauna a wuri kuma kada ka fado kafin lokacinka. Duk da haka, akwai wasu tushe da ke girma a ƙarƙashin ƙasa; Waɗannan galibi ba su da aikin tallafi da yawa, amma haɗuwa ce don sassa daban-daban na tsire-tsire.
A nasa bangaren, jigilar abinci mai gina jiki ya zama aiki wanda shima yana da babban muhimmanci. Hakanan yana faruwa, saboda tushe yana da tsarin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin jini waɗanda suke da alaƙa da sassa daban-daban na tsirrai, don ba da damar kwararar abubuwa zuwa da dawowa daga tushen, ganye, furanni, fruitsa fruitsan itace kuma ba shakka, ta hanyar kara kanta.
Ya kamata kuma a sani cewa mai tushe yana da m tarayya da ganyen shuka, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar ci gaba da wanzu tsakanin dunƙulen jijiyoyin jijiyoyin da duka ganyaye da tushe suka mallaka.
Ana san wannan ƙungiya a ƙarƙashin kalmar "kara”, Kuma acikinta wadannan gabobi biyu na ciyayi sun kunshi. Hakanan, tushe shine muhimmanci part a cikin tsarin shuke-shuke, ba tare da abin da ba za su iya ci gaba.