Menene pollination?

Pollination na da mahimmancin gaske ga dukkan nau'in shuka. Ba tare da shi ba, da ba za su wanzu ba. Saboda wannan dalili, mutane da yawa sun ba da wannan aikin ga dabbobi: ƙudan zuma, tururuwa, butterflies, har ma da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa irin su beraye sun ɗauki nauyin ɗaukar fure daga fure ɗaya zuwa wancan.

Amma ba wai kawai suna lalata furannin ba, amma har ila yau iska tana taimakawa. Bari mu san abin da aikin zabe ya ƙunsa.

Menene sassan fure?

Lokacin magana game da pollination, dole ne dole ne muyi magana game da furanni. Furanni suna ɗayan mahimman sassan sassan tsirrai, domin idan banda su za'a sami ƙarancin bambancin jinsin. Amma, dole ne muyi magana game da nau'ikan tsire-tsire; musamman, yadda aka rarraba su gwargwadon halayen furannin su, yayan itace da yayan su.

Don haka don sauƙaƙawa don ku fahimta, ya kamata ku sani cewa tsirrai masu motsa jiki da kuma yanayin iyakoki sun kasance. Ta yaya suka bambanta?

Gymnosperms

Su ne waɗanda ƙwayoyinsu suka samo asali ga yanayin mahalli; ma'ana ba su da kariya. Furensa a zahiri shine strobili: wani nau'in abarba ce wanda daga ganyayyakin sa ganye ke fitowa. Sabili da haka, ta hanyar fasaha waɗannan nau'ikan tsire-tsire ba sa 'ya'yan itace.

Misalai: ciki, duk conifers, Ginkgo biloba.

Gymnosperm sassan fure da ayyukansu

Za mu mai da hankali kan furannin conifers (pines, sequoias, da sauransu), amma ya kamata ku sani cewa duk furannin motsa jiki suna da halaye irin waɗannan:

• Yanda ake lalata mata: su rukuni ne na furannin mata waɗanda ba komai bane face Sikeli, kuma misali a yanayin pines suna samar da abarba mai ɗanɗano da kore kusan 1cm a tsayi.
• Fuskokin maza: su rukuni ne na furannin maza da aka ƙirƙira su da adadi mai yawa na sikeli waɗanda a zahiri sune stamens, wanda shine inda ake samun pollen.

Wadannan tsirrai, kasancewar suna daya daga cikin wadanda suka fara rayuwa a Duniya (sun fara juyin halitta ne sama da shekaru miliyan 300 da suka gabata), tunda har yanzu ba a sami jinsin dabbobi da yawa da zasu iya cika aikin masu zaben ba, akwai da yawa da suka dogara da iska don samar da tsaba.

Angiosperms

Mafi shahara, sune abubuwan da aka sani da "tsire-tsire masu furanni." Shin waɗancan ne kare tsabarsu, tunda furanninta suna da sepals, petals, stamens da carpels, waɗanda suke rufe ovules.

Misalai: itacen dabino, mafi yawan itatuwa, bulbous, kayan lambu, da sauransu.

Sassan fure da ayyukansu

Sassan fure na angiosperms sun kasu kashi biyu: androecium da gynoecium. Dukansu na iya kasancewa a cikin fure ɗaya, don haka zai zama hermaphrodite; a cikin furanni daban-daban na tsirrai iri ɗaya, sannan ake kira da monoecious; ko a cikin furanni unisexual a cikin samfuran daban-daban, ta yadda zai zama daɗi.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Menene tsire-tsire masu dioecious da monoecious

Bari mu ga waɗanne sassa suke da su kuma menene ayyukansu:

Androecium

Tana da stamens, waɗanda ke da alhakin samar da ƙura.

• Anthers: sune wadanda suke dauke da fulawa.
• Filament: goyi bayan anhira.

Gynecium

An ƙirƙira ta pistil, wanda hakan ya kasu kashi:

• Tsangwama: shine bangaren da yake karbar pollen. Yana da danko don haka zai iya makalewa cikin sauki.
• Estilo: bututu ne da ke tallafawa ƙyama, kuma ta inda fulawar ta wuce zuwa ƙwai.
• Ovary: shine bangaren da ke dauke da ovules. Da zaran sun hadu, sai su kara girma yayin da irin ke bunkasa.

Sauran sassan fure sune petals, wanda ke jawo hankalin masu jefa kuri'a, kuma sefanni, waxanda aka gyara ganye waxanda ke taimakawa wajen kare fatar kadan. Wani lokacin mukan hadu bracts maimakon fentin, wanda ba komai bane face ganye, kuma an canza shi, wanda ke cika aiki iri ɗaya da waɗancan, wato, don jawo hankalin kwari ko wasu nau'ikan dabbobi don yin nasu, amma ba kamar na sepal ba, ana samun su ne kawai a cikin maganganu, ba a keɓe ba furanni.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Angiosperms da motsa jiki

Menene pollination?

Pollination kunshi canza launin fure daga stamens zuwa ƙyamar ko karɓar ɓangaren furannin shuke-shuke. A nan ne ake samun kwayayen, wanda aka hadu da shi wanda kuma zai zama ‘ya’ya da‘ ya’ya.

Tsuntsaye daban-daban, kwari, da wasu dabbobi suna safarar kwayar cutar fure, amma kuma iska ko ruwa, kodayake dole ne a ce shuke-shuke da suka zaɓi barin waɗanda ke bayansu su kula da su ba su da yawa.

Nau'o'in shuke-shuke gwargwadon aikinsu

Akwai zabe daban-daban dangane da nau'in shukar da yake, misali:

• Anemophilic shuke-shuke: sune waɗanda iska ke gurɓata su.
• Shuke-shuke na Hydrophilic: ruwa yana sharan furanninta.
• Zoophilic shuke-shuke: dabbobi ne ke da alhakin ɗaukar pollen daga wannan fure zuwa wancan. Waɗannan su ne waɗanda yawanci suna da furanni masu birgewa, tunda dole ne su jawo su idan suna son a yi musu goge. Kuma gasar na iya zama da kyau ƙwarai, musamman a cikin makiyaya ko a cikin gandun daji.

Amma rashin alheri, ana yin barazanar gurbatar yanayi. Amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, mamayewar qwayoyin cuta da sauran kwayoyin halitta, asarar muhalli da canjin yanayin da ake ciki yanzu suna sa dabbobin da suka sadaukar da shi su bace.

Muna daɗa yin tunanin cewa koyaushe za mu iya dogaro da furanni don yin kwalliya, amma mun yi kuskure. Ba tare da masu jefa ƙuri'a ba, rayuwarmu za ta kasance cikin haɗari sosai.