Aikin noma ya kasance wani yanki mai mahimmanci don daidaitawar dan adam da kuma wadatar mutane. Godiya ga noman ƙasar don haɓakar nau'ikan tsire-tsire, ya sami damar ƙirƙirar dabaru daban-daban da aka inganta albarkacin nau'ikan noman. Daya daga cikinsu shine polyculture. Hanya ce ta noman kayan lambu wacce ke ba da wasu fa'idodi da fa'idodi ga duniyar noma.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da polyculture, halayensa, fa'idodi da fa'idodi.
Babban fasali
Domin bayyana menene halayen polyculture, dole ne kuma mu ambaci na al'adun gargajiya. Garkuwa da dabbobi, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, ana nufin noman jinsin guda, rayuwar shuka. Wato, aikin gona ne wanda ke tattare da gaba ɗaya cikin nau'in shuka ko iri-iri waɗanda ke tsiro shi a cikin babban yanki. Sabanin haka, polyculture yana nufin nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsuna daban a cikin wani fanni. Jinsin na iya zama gwargwado daban amma dukkansu suna da kulawar da ta dace don ci gaban su da ci gaban su.
Babban halayyar polyculture shine bambancin nau'ikan da ke cikin aikin noma. Ocungiyoyin al'adu suna nuna dasa shuki waɗanda ke da daidaito a cikin ilimin halittar jiki da halaye na halittar iri guda, don haka babu bambanci. Lokacin da muka ga ƙasar noma tare da polyculture, za a iya lura da ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗabi'a da na kwayar halitta waɗanda aka wakilta a cikin mutane daban-daban waɗanda ake amfani da su don aikin gona.
A yadda aka saba, yawanci yawanci yafi sarrafa kansa tunda ana iya amfani da injuna don samar da abubuwan gina jiki tunda duk jinsinsu daya kuma zasu bukaci iri daya. Hakanan yana buƙatar ƙarancin aiki, yayin da yawanci yawanci ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar gargajiya tare da ƙarin aikin hannu ta mutum, kodayake godiya ga fasaha akwai kuma gonakin polyculture masu sarrafa kansu.
Misalan polyculture da monoculture
Kafin nazarin menene fa'idodi na al'adar gargajiya, bari mu ga wasu misalai na duka:
- Misalai na monoculture: legumes, kirki, hatsi ko sha'ir yawanci ana shuka su daban-daban a cikin gona. Yawancin lokaci galibi manyan yankuna ne waɗanda aka keɓe ga wannan amfanin gona kawai.
- Misalan polyculture: Yawanci aikin gona ne, tunda abin da ya rage yana zuwa kasuwanci kuma galibi tsarin noma ne tare da samfurin lambun inda yawancin jinsuna kamar tumatir, barkono, latas, da dai sauransu.
Amfanin polyculture
Idan muka bincika fa'idodi na nau'ikan tsarin duka, zamu iya ganin cewa duka suna da fa'ida da fa'ida. Kowane ɗayan yana da maƙasudin daban kuma babban fa'ida shi ne cewa kowane halayensa ana iya haɓaka tare da cikakken sani game da shi. Tsarin aikin gona na farko yana da fa'idar da za su iya samun ci gaba gabaɗaya. Kuma ita ce zata iya samar da abinci mai yawa saboda yawan fadada filayen da ta rufe da babbar manufar biyan bukatar ɗan gajeren lokaci. Duk waɗannan adadi na samarwa suna ba da damar rage farashin guda ɗaya don kada a kashe ƙwadago sosai lokacin da injina suke.
A gefe guda, polyculture yana da wasu tabbatattun sifofi masu kyau a cikin yanayin muhalli. Duk da yake ana amfani da nau'ikan da yawa don dasa, duk abubuwan gina jiki da ke cikin ƙasa ana amfani dasu sosai, musamman idan ana amfani da samfuran da suka dace waɗanda ke ba da wata alfarwa. Aya daga cikin fa'idodin muhalli na polyculture shine rage yashwa ƙasa tunda shuke-shuke suna aiki a matsayin mai motsa ruwan sama yayin da ganyen da suka faɗi saboda ragowar tsiro ke wadatar da wannan yanayin.
Wurare da polyculture yawanci yi kyakkyawan amfani da wadatar albarkatu kamar ruwa, ƙasa, haske, muddin ana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan da suka dace. Yawanci yana inganta karuwar halittu masu yawa na cikin gida, yana ƙara yawan nau'in a cikin tsarin. Duk wannan ma yana haifar da mazaunin da ya dace don haɓaka da haɓakar abokan gaba na wasu kwari na amfanin gona, saboda haka yawan kwari da cututtuka a cikin nau'in da aka shuka ya ragu sosai. Tare da wannan, yana yiwuwa a gudanar da tsarin nazarin halittu ko na halitta idan buƙatar aiwatar da sunadarai, don haka samfuran da aka samo daga irin wannan girbin sun fi wadatar abinci da ƙoshin lafiya.
A ƙarshe, wasu bincike sun nuna cewa ana iya samun riba mai yawa daga yankin polyculture, matuƙar an zaɓi nau'in da ya dace. Abinda kawai za'a kiyaye shi ne fadada filaye karami ne kuma yawanci ana samun amfanin ne a cikin dogon lokaci.
disadvantages
Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, akwai wasu ƙananan abubuwa ga waɗannan nau'ikan noman. Abinda yafi dacewa da dabarun monoculture shine cewa suna lalata yanayi da yawa. Kuma shi ne cewa sun yi amfani da shi fiye da kima a kowane zagaye na amfanin gona baya ga amfani da karin kayan sunadarai don sarrafa kasancewar kwari da cututtuka da fadada su. Samfuran da aka samo na iya samun tasiri a kan kiwon lafiya ko kuma basu da wata illa mara kyau game da lafiyar abinci. Hakanan yana shafar ƙasa sosai tunda ta shuka da haɓaka nau'ikan kayan lambu iri ɗaya a ƙasa ɗaya yana mai da hankali ga lalacewarta na ci gaba.
Wasu adadin gishirin sun taru, suna yin tasiri ga yalwar ƙasa da yashewar lokaci mai tsawo. Dangane da al'adar polyculture, babban rashin amfani shine aikin ya zama mai tsauri tunda akwai nau'ikan shuke-shuke da dama a cikin amfanin gona. A baya dole ne a yi binciken daidai akan hada nau'ikan da za ayi amfani dasu domin inganta amfanin gonar da za'a yi amfani dasu.
Cikakken polyculture yana canza nau'ikan da yake shukawa a cikin yankin don ƙasa ba ta da matsi mai yawa akan amfani da wasu abubuwan gina jiki. Hakanan ana aiwatar da fasahar polyculture a cikin yankin kiwo tare da renon nau'ikan kifaye daban-daban a tafkunan domin hada-hadar kasuwanci ta gaba.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da polyculture, halaye da fa'idodi.