Wataƙila kun ji labarin abubuwan da ake kira samfuran phytosanitary, amma ba tare da sanin ainihin menene ba. To, idan muka yi magana game da magungunan kashe qwari, tabbas kun riga kun sami mafi kyawun ra'ayin abin da suke. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri da yawa waɗanda ke cikin wannan rukunin. Don fitar da ku daga shakka, za mu yi bayani a cikin wannan labarin menene samfuran phytosanitary kuma ta yaya aka rarraba su.
Bugu da kari, domin ku kara fahimtar wadannan sinadarai, za mu tattauna fa'idodi da rashin amfaninsu da rashin amfani da su. me yasa yake da mahimmanci a yi amfani da hanyoyin muhalli da dorewa. Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da wannan batu, ina ba da shawarar ku ci gaba da karantawa.
Menene samfuran kariya na shuka kuma menene amfani da su?
Lokacin da muke magana game da samfuran kariyar shuka, muna komawa zuwa gauraye ko abubuwa ta inda za mu iya yaƙi, hanawa, lalata, gujewa, jawo hankali ko tunkuɗe kowace irin kwaro ko cuta. Ainihin samfuran samfuran ne waɗanda za mu iya kawo ƙarshen nau'ikan nau'ikan tsirrai da na dabbobi da su. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da su a kan halittu masu cutarwa ga noma da lafiyar jama'a.
Dangane da aikin noma, ana amfani da kayayyakin phytosanitary azaman maganin kashe kwari, wato: Don kawar da kwari iri-iri da zasu iya shafar amfanin gona. Ana amfani da waɗannan yawanci a lokacin ajiya, samarwa, sarrafawa, sufuri da rarraba kayan aikin gona da abubuwan da suka samo asali. Don haka, wasu misalan irin wannan nau'in abu zai kasance magungunan kashe kwari, fungicides da herbicides, da sauransu. Daga baya za mu yi sharhi kan yadda ake rarraba samfuran phytosanitary.
Daga cikin wadannan nau'ikan gaurayawan Ana kuma haɗa abin da ake kira "guba masu amfani". Waɗannan zasu zama, alal misali, adjuvants, desiccants, defoliants da phytoregulators ko abubuwan da ke daidaita haɓakar shuka. Koyaya, an cire magungunan duka na ɗan adam da na dabbobi da samfuran sarrafa halittu daga wannan rarrabuwa.
Ya kamata a ce haka Dole ne a kula da samfuran phytosanitary koyaushe tare da kulawa sosai, Bayan haka, waɗannan abubuwa ne masu guba, kuma a gare mu. Lokacin amfani da su ga amfanin gona, yana da matukar mahimmanci a mutunta lokutan jira da allurai don gujewa haɗarin lafiya ga ma'aikaci, ga masu amfani da amfanin gona da kanta.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Yanzu da muka san mene ne kayan kariya na shuka, bari mu ga menene fa'idodi da rashin amfaninsu. Bari mu fara da abubuwa masu kyau: Wadannan abubuwa suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa. Idan ba tare da wannan ɗan taimako ba, da ba zai yiwu a kai matakin samar da abinci da muke da shi a yau ba. Amfani da waɗannan samfuran yana kan tushen abin da ake kira juyin juya halin koren kuma ya kasance tun kusan tsakiyar karni na XNUMX. Wannan shine sunan da aka ba da gagarumin haɓakar yawan amfanin gona, wato abinci.
Bugu da kari, phytosanitary abubuwa inganta tallace-tallacen samfur saboda suna ba da damar jinkirta lalacewarsa, ta yadda za a tsawaita ajiyarsa tare da sauƙaƙe jigilar ta ta nesa. Har ila yau, suna inganta bayyanar jiki na kayan lambu da rage farashin su.
Duk da haka, ba duk amfanin ba. Akwai sakamako mara kyau da yawa waɗanda amfani da samfuran phytosanitary ke kawowa. A A ƙasa za mu lissafa manyan illolin waɗannan magungunan kashe qwari:
- Suna rage bambancin halittu.
- Suna gurbata ƙasa da ruwa.
- Rashin amfani da ma'aikata na iya jefa lafiyar su da na masu amfani da su cikin hatsari ta hanyar gubar abinci.
Saboda rashin amfanin waɗannan samfuran suna da mahimmanci. Abu mafi kyawu shine a yi amfani da hanyoyin muhalli, na halitta da na halitta. Waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan sun fi dacewa da muhalli kuma ana iya amfani da su don sarrafa amfanin gona a matakin gona. Don haka, noman ƙwayoyin cuta shine kyakkyawan zaɓi mai dorewa ga amfani da magungunan kashe qwari. Tuni a kimiyance an tabbatar da cewa ba su da illa ga muhalli da ma lafiyar jama'a.
Yaya ake rarraba kayayyakin kariya daga tsirrai?
Lokacin rarraba samfuran kariyar shuka, zamu iya yin ta ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mafi yawan rarrabuwa sune bisa ga rukunin sinadaran da suke sashi, gwargwadon aikinsu na musamman ko kuma gwargwadon abubuwan da suka mallaka. A ƙasa za mu jera waɗannan rukunoni guda uku tare da wasu misalai.
Da farko muna da rarrabuwa ta ƙungiyoyin sinadarai. Wannan rukunin yana da mahimmanci, tunda duk abin da ke da alaƙa da tsaftar sana'a da toxicology galibi suna kama da magungunan kashe qwari waɗanda ke cikin rukuni ɗaya. Bari mu kalli wasu misalai:
- Bipyridyls
- karramates
- Chlorine ko nitrophenol
- Chlorophenoxy acid
- Organochlorines
- Organotins
- Organophosphates
- Organomercurials
- Pyrethroids
- thiocarbamates
- Triazines
- Wasu: Akwai wasu iyalai masu sinadarai da yawa waɗanda ke da wasu wakilai waɗanda Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da su azaman magungunan kashe qwari. Daga cikin su akwai inorganic abubuwa, musanya ureas, halogenated hydrocarbons, dinitroanilines, phthalimides, diazines, da dai sauransu.
Hakanan zamu iya rarraba phytosanitary bisa ga kaddarorin toxicological. Irin wannan bayanin dole ne ya kasance duka a kan alamar samfur da kuma kan takardar bayanan aminci. Dangane da Annex I na Dokar CE 1272/2008 (CLP), haɗarin kiwon lafiya bisa ga abin da za a iya haɗa su sune kamar haka:
- Cutar sankarau
- Mummunan haushin ido ko rauni
- kumburin fata ko lalata
- Mutagenicity na kwayar halitta
- Hatsarin buri
- Fatar jiki ko na numfashi
- m guba
- Rashin lafiyar haihuwa
A karshe dole mu haskaka Rarraba samfuran phytosanitary bisa ga takamaiman aikin su. Akwai ƙungiyoyi da yawa don wannan rukunin kuma wasu samfuran na iya samun ayyukan kashe qwari iri-iri. Waɗannan zasu zama wasu misalai:
- Acaricides: Suna kawar da mites.
- Bactericides da maganin rigakafi: Don yaki da kwayoyin cuta.
- Mai lalata: Ana amfani da shi don sassauta ganye.
- fungicides: Ana amfani da su don magance fungi.
- Maganin ciyawa: Kawar da ciyawa.
- Magungunan kwari: Suna kawar da kwari.
- Molluscicides: Suna kawar da molluscs.
- Mai sarrafa girma: Yana taimakawa wajen ja da baya ko tada ci gaban tsiro da kwari.
- Maganin rodenticides: Suna kashe rodents.
Ina fatan cewa tare da duk wannan bayanin ya bayyana a gare ku menene na'urorin likitanci. Ko da yake gaskiya ne cewa da farko sun zama dole don samun damar samar da isasshen abinci ga daukacin al'ummar duniya, a yau akwai hanyoyin magance muhalli don maye gurbin wadannan sinadarai da inganta ingantaccen muhalli.