Ka yi tunanin cewa maimakon kunna fitilu idan duhu ya yi, za ka iya karanta littafi ta hasken wata shuka mai haske a kan teburinka, ko kuma ka yi tafiya a ƙarƙashin hasken bishiya mai haske maimakon hasken wutar lantarki. The shuke-shuke masu haske Koyaushe ya kasance abin da masana kimiyya suka yi nazari akai.
Don haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku menene shuke-shuke masu haske da kuma irin nazarin da ake yi a kai.
Nazarin kan tsire-tsire masu haske
Injiniyoyin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) da ke Cambridge (Massachusetts, Amurka) sun ɗauki matakai na farko don kawo rayuwa da yanayin da a yau da alama ya ɓace daga tatsuniyoyi na kimiyya.
Tawagar da Dr. Michael Strano, wani fitaccen farfesa a fannin injiniyan sinadarai a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, ya jagoranta, ya haɗa jerin nau'ikan nanoparticles na musamman (kwayoyin microscopic) a cikin ganyen tsire-tsire na cress. yana sa su fitar da wani ɗan haske na kusan awa huɗu.
Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa lokacin da suka sami damar inganta wannan nanotechnology, tsire-tsire za su yi haske sosai don haskaka wuraren aiki. Tawaga a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts ta noma tsire-tsire waɗanda za su iya haskaka kusan sa'o'i 4 kuma suna haskaka shafukan littafi a kusa.
Hakanan za'a iya amfani da wannan fasaha don samar da ƙananan haske na cikin gida ko don juya bishiyoyi zuwa fitilun titi na atomatik.
Amfanin tsire-tsire masu haske
Menene babban fa'ida da fa'idodin amfani da tsire-tsire masu haske don haskaka ciki da tituna? Zana tsire-tsire masu rai don fitowar haske da haske mai dorewa yana da tursasawa saboda tsire-tsire suna da tsarin samar da makamashi mai zaman kansa da kuma hanyoyin ajiya.
Tsire-tsire suna da nau'i biyu na carbon negative, wanda ke nufin suna cinye CO2 ta hanyar samar da man fetur kuma su kansu samfur ne na ƙwayar carbon (canza CO2 zuwa kwayoyin halitta) a cikin yanayi. Lokacin da aka inganta fasahar, masu binciken sun ce, za su iya haskaka dukkan wuraren aiki ko kuma a yi amfani da su don hasken jama'a.
Tsire-tsire sune mafi ɗorewa a cikin hasken biomimetic mai ɗorewa wanda bai dogara da kowane kayan aikin ɗan adam ba kuma ya dace da yanayin waje da kyau. Suna gyara kansu, sun riga sun wanzu inda muke son su yi aiki a matsayin fitilun lantarki, suna rayuwa kuma suna dawwama a cikin yanayi daban-daban, suna da nasu tushen ruwa, kuma suna yin duk abubuwan da ke sama da kansu.
Tsire-tsire daga na yau da kullun
Abin da ake kira "nanobionic shuke-shuke" wani sabon fanni ne na bincike da dakin gwaje-gwaje na Strano ya inganta, inda suka hada daban-daban. nau'ikan nanoparticles da injiniyoyin injiniyoyi don ɗaukar yawancin ayyukan da na'urorin lantarki ke yi yanzu.
A cewar MIT, tawagar Strano ta riga ta yi amfani da wannan fasahar ga injiniyoyin injiniyoyin da za su iya gano bama-bamai da kuma isar da wadannan bayanai zuwa wayar salula, da kuma kayan lambu da ke da na'urorin lantarki a cikin ganyen su da ke amsawa lokacin da aka yi gargadin lokacin da ruwa ya ragu.
Masana kimiyyar hukumar sun kuma samar da wata shuka ta nanobionic da ke iya daukar sama da kashi 30 na makamashin haske, ta sanya carbon nanotubes a cikin sel masu samar da photosynthesis, kuma ta ba da damar gano gurbacewar iska kamar iskar nitric oxide.
Tawagar Farfesa Strano a baya sun kirkiro tsire-tsire na nanobionic tare da ingantaccen photosynthesis da ikon gano gurɓataccen iskar gas, fashewar abubuwa da yanayin fari.
«Haske, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 20 cikin XNUMX na makamashin da ake amfani da shi a duniya, Yana daya daga cikin maƙasudin ma'ana don waɗannan takamaiman fasahar shuka, "in ji Strano, yana mai cewa "Tsaki na iya gyara kansu, suna da nasu makamashi, kuma sun dace da yanayin waje.
Don ƙirƙirar tsire-tsire masu haske, ƙungiyar MIT ta juya zuwa luciferase, enzyme wanda ke sa flies haske. Luciferase yana aiki ne akan kwayar halitta da ake kira luciferin, yana haifar da fitar da haske, yayin da wani kwayar halitta da ake kira coenzyme A yana taimakawa tsarin ta hanyar cire wani abin da ke haifar da halayen kwayoyin halitta wanda ke hana ayyukan enzyme na luciferin.
Nanoparticles da kayan lambu a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba
Mit tawagar ta shirya kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan haɗin guda uku cikin nau'ikan abubuwan da aka tsara cikin kayan da aka tsara su "gaba ɗaya ya amince da aminci" da magunguna na Amurka (FDA). Ana buga shukar tambarin MIT mai haske akan ruwan roka, waɗanda aka cusa tare da cakuda nanoparticles.
A cewar ƙungiyar Strano, waɗannan nanoparticles suna taimakawa kowane sashi ya isa daidai ɓangaren shuka da suna hana waɗancan abubuwan da aka gyara su kai ga ƙima waɗanda zasu iya zama mai guba ga shuka kanta.
A cewar mawallafin binciken da Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka ta bayar, masu binciken sun yi amfani da silica nanoparticles don jigilar luciferase da ɗigon ɗimbin yawa na polymers PLGA da chitosan don jigilar luciferin da coenzyme A, bi da bi.
Don shigar da nanoparticles masu dauke da nanoparticles a cikin ganyen shuka, masu binciken sun fara dakatar da nanoparticles a cikin wani ruwa mai ruwa, sannan suka nutsar da tsirran a cikin ruwan, sannan a karshe sun matsa lamba sosai ga tsire-tsire don tilasta barbashi a cikin ganyen ta hanyar ’yan kankanin pores da ake kira stomata, a cewarsa. MIT.
A farkon aikin, masu binciken sun samar da tsire-tsire waɗanda Sun yi haske na kusan mintuna 45 kuma tun daga lokacin sun kammala aikin don sanya su haske na awanni 3,5.
A halin yanzu, ƙwayar cress mai tsawon santimita 10 tana samar da kusan kashi dubu na adadin hasken da ake buƙata don karantawa, amma masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa za su iya ƙara yawan adadin hasken da ke fitowa da kuma tsawon lokacin wannan makamashin hasken ta hanyar ƙara haɓaka ƙimar.
Luciferase yana aiki akan kwayar halitta da ake kira luciferin kuma yana tilasta shi yayi haske. Kwayoyin da ake kira coenzyme A shima yana cikin wannan tsari., wanda ya sauƙaƙa.
Kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan ana ɗaukar su ne ta nanoparticle, wanda ke tabbatar da isa wurin da ya dace kuma yana hana su tattarawa a wani wuri, wanda zai iya zama mai guba ga shuka. Masu binciken sun yi nasarar sanya tsire-tsire suna haske na kimanin sa'o'i uku da rabi.
Kuma ko da yake hasken da suke samu yana da ɗan ƙaranci, sun yi imanin cewa yana yiwuwa a ƙara ƙarfin da tsawon lokacin haske. Ba kamar gwaje-gwajen da suka gabata ba, waɗanda suka yi nasarar sanya takamaiman nau'ikan tsire-tsire suna haskakawa ta hanyar tsari mai rikitarwa, hanyar da masu binciken MIT suka kirkira ana iya amfani da su ga kowane nau'in shuka.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da menene tsire-tsire masu haske da halayen su.