Yerba mate shuka ce a kimiyance aka sani da Paraguay holly. Ya kasance tun zamanin da kuma yana cikin al'adar dafuwa. An san shi da ɗanɗanon ɗanɗano da kuma fa'idarsa wajen magance wasu cututtuka. Yana yaduwa ta dabi'a kuma mazauna yankin Paraná da Alto Uruguay suna amfani da shi sosai, inda ya samo asali. Daga baya, an noma shi akan sikelin tsari kuma ya zama babban sinadari a cikin abubuwan sha. Yerba mate ya ci gaba da martabarta na tsawon lokaci, musamman a kasashen Kudancin Amurka kamar Panama, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay da Chile, inda alama ce ta al'adunsu. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa ba su sani ba menene yerba mate.
Don haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku menene yerba mate, menene halayensa da kuma babban kulawar da yake buƙata.
Menene yerba mate
Itace bishiya ce da ke cikin dajin Paraná, kuma a cikin daji tana girma a cikin kurmin Alto Uruguay, Alto Paraná Basin da magudanan ruwa na kogin Paraguay. A cikin yanayi yana iya kaiwa tsayin mita 15, yayin da a cikin shuka ya zama ƙaramin daji mai tsayi 11 cm tare da rassan rassan. kasuwanci, Ana noman shi ne a kasar Argentina, kasar da ta fi kowacce kasa samar da yerba mate, sai Brazil da Paraguay.
Ita ce bishiyar da ba ta taɓa faɗuwa a cikin kaka ba, kuma ganyen yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 3 akan shuka. Rassan suna fitowa daga bishiyar a kusurwoyi madaidaici, tare da allura, koren ganye tare da gefuna masu jaki da kuma alamun rawaya. Yana samun mate daga ƙasa busassun ganye da rassansa, sanannen jiko daga Paraguay, Argentina, Kudancin Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay da Chile.
A lokacin furanni (Oktoba-Nuwamba) yana samar da fararen furanni, samfuran maza suna da furanni 3 zuwa 11, mata kuma daga furanni 3 zuwa 11 a kowane dioecious. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna girma daga Janairu zuwa Maris kuma suna da shunayya, ja ko baƙar fata idan sun girma. Ana yin girbin yerba mate da hannu, farawa daga Janairu zuwa Mayu kuma a ci gaba har zuwa Satumba. Bayan girbi, itacen yerba mate zai yi girma da ganye.
Kayayyaki da wurin zama
Ana samun wannan shuka a yankuna masu zafi ko na wurare masu zafi inda akwai zafi da yawan ruwan sama, kamar duwatsu da dazuzzukan kwaruruka. Amma ga kasa. ya fi son yumbu ko yashi, tare da wasu acidity. Yana da kyau a cikin ƙananan wuraren kwance tare da isasshen magudanar ruwa da zurfi. Haka kuma a wuraren da akwai sanannen ja ko ja. Wannan yana ba da abinci mai gina jiki kamar laterite da ma'adanai daban-daban don haɓaka haɓakar al'ada.
Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun kaddarorin yerba mate shine antioxidants. Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi don hana tsufa na cell. Hakanan yana sabunta garkuwar jikin mutum kuma yana hana cututtukan zuciya, tunda yana rage abin da ake kira mummunan cholesterol.
Yerba mate ya ƙunshi maganin kafeyin da theophylline, wanda tada tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da kuma tada hankali aiki da maida hankali. Ma'adanai kamar potassium suna da mahimmanci don aikin zuciya da kyau. Hakanan yana ƙunshe da ingantaccen magnesium don taimakawa jiki ɗaukar sunadarai. Ya ƙunshi amino acid da bitamin B, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don samar da makamashi.
Sauran kayan kariya na kiwon lafiya na shuka sune diuretic, depurative, vasoconstrictor, bronchodilator, laxative da kayan warkarwa. An ce yana motsa aikin fahimi.
Haihuwa da amfani da yerba mate
Ana iya yada Yerba mate ta iri, amma wannan ba shi da sauƙi saboda yana buƙatar tsari mai wahala. Ana tattara tsaba daga 'ya'yan itacen uwar shuka da sa'an nan kuma a sake dasa su a cikin wani wuri mai sarrafawa. Lokacin da tsiron ya tsiro, sai su ƙaura zuwa wani babban yanki inda suka gama yin su. Idan kana so ka ninka da sauri, zaka iya yin shi ta hanyar yankan, yadudduka da grafts. Ana yin pollination ta hanyar kwari.
Ana shirya nau'ikan abubuwan sha iri-iri daga busassun ganye da ƙasa da rassan wannan ganye. Mate, tereré da cocido sun yi fice, amma mafi mashahuri shine abokin aure. A Argentina da Uruguay ana cinye shi azaman zaki. A wasu ƙasashe kamar Paraguay, ana cin ta da ɗaci ko da madara mai zafi lokacin damina.
Ana yin wannan jiko da ruwan zafi da sako-sako da yerba mate. Zai fi kyau a ɗauka a cikin akwati da aka yi da itace ko makamantansu tare da bambaro, sigari ko kwan fitila. An sha Terere a cikin guambá, jirgin ruwa da aka yi da itace ko ƙaho. Wannan al'ada ce ta Paraguay kuma an shirya shi da ruwan kankara saboda yawan zafin jiki. Ana ƙara Mint ko orange ko lemun tsami.
cocido shine dafaffen yerba mate. Bayan tafasa, tace kuma ƙara sukari. Ana shan da madara. A Paraguay ana amfani da shi azaman madadin kofi na safe. Fiye da abubuwan sha, ma'aurata da trere al'adu ne a cikin Kudancin Mazugi. Akwai al'ada ko aikin zamantakewa don shayar da su. Dangane da abin sha da aka zaɓa, ana kiransa Tererada ko Mateada. Ya haɗa da rabawa tare da abokai ko dangi waɗanda suka hadu da hira. Duk masu halarta suna sha daga akwati ɗaya da bambaro iri ɗaya.
Kasancewar al'ada tana da ka'idojinta kuma dole ne a mutunta ta. Idan an gayyaci mutum, yana nufin cewa ƙungiyar ta yaba musu kuma kuna son raba shi da su. Yana da kusanci, mai daɗi da ƙwarewa ga duk waɗanda suka raba ta.
Manyan masu samar da yerba mate a duniya sune Argentina, Brazil da Paraguay. Kasar da ta fi shigo da yerba mate ita ce Uruguay, sai Chile da Amurka. yerba mate na Argentine yafi siyan Syria. Ƙasa ta biyu ita ce Chile, amma a cikin adadi mai yawa.
Amfanin
Yerba mate yana da matukar amfani ga lafiyar ku kuma a nan mun nuna muku wasu fa'idodinsa ga jiki.
- Yerba mate shayi yana tallafawa lafiyar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini saboda yana ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa na antioxidants, wanda zai iya hana cututtuka daban-daban na zuciya, da kuma daidaita cholesterol da kuma hana kitse taruwa a cikin arteries.
- Hakanan yana kara yawan cholesterol mai kyau, wanda ke hana bugun zuciya.
- Taimaka rage tsarin tsufa tun da antioxidants ya hana cell lalacewa da oxidation
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da menene yerba mate da halayensa.