Mycena chlorophos Yana da nau'in naman gwari a cikin dangin Fungiaceae. Da farko an bayyana shi a cikin 1860, ana samun naman gwari a cikin yankuna masu zafi na Asiya, ciki har da Japan, Taiwan, Polynesia, Indonesia, da Sri Lanka, da Ostiraliya da Brazil. Yana da matukar sha'awar zama naman kaza kamar bioluminescence.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk halaye, rarrabuwa da kaddarorin Mycena chlorophos.
Babban fasali
Namomin kaza suna da hulunan kodadde launin ruwan toka-launin toka har zuwa mm 30 a diamita a saman mai tushe 6-30 mm tsayi kuma har zuwa 1 mm lokacin farin ciki. The Mycena chlorophos Naman gwari ne wanda yake bioluminescent kuma yana fitar da haske koren haske. Ana samar da sakamakon ne akan tarkacen itace da suka faɗo kamar rassa da kututturan matattun bishiyoyi a cikin dajin. Naman gwari na iya girma da 'ya'yan itace a ƙarƙashin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje., kuma an yi nazarin yanayin girma da ke shafar bioluminescence.
Hul ɗin da farko yana kwance, daga baya ya faɗi (wani lokaci tare da baƙin ciki na tsakiya), kuma yana iya kaiwa mm 30 a diamita. Murfin yana da raƙuman radial waɗanda ke shimfiɗa kusan zuwa tsakiyar, wani lokacin fashe a gefuna tare da ƙananan crenellations. Kodadde brownish-launin toka a cikin launi, yana shuɗe bayan kumburi, ɗan ɗanɗano. Tsawon fari na 6-30 mm, kauri 0,3-1 mm, m, da kuma translucent. Yana da kanana gashin kan saman sa. Tushen discoid ko ɗan ƙaramin bulbous a gindi, faɗin 1-2,5 mm. Ba a haɗa ƙuƙumman siriri ko dai ba a haɗa su da tushe ko kuma an haɗa su da kwala mai haske wanda ke kewaye da tushe.
Da farko fari, to, launin toka, sun fi dacewa cushe, tare da 17-32 cikakken tsawon gills da 1-3 layuka na lamellae (gajerun gills ba su wuce gaba ɗaya daga gefen hula zuwa tushe). Gills 0,3-1 mm fadi, tare da margin mica. Ruwan ruwa yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da ƙamshin ammoniya. Dukansu hula da gills sune bioluminescent, yayin da mycelium da kara ba su da haske.
Spores fari ne, santsi, kusan m, 7-8,5 x 5-6 μm a girman.. Basioids (kwayoyin da ke ɗauke da spore) suna auna 17-23 x 7,5-10 µm tare da spores sterigmata guda huɗu game da tsayin 3 µm. Fitowar suna da faɗin 5-8 µm, gajarta kuma sun fi na basidiocarps yawa, kuma sun zama ɗan harsashi na gelatinous.
Cheilocystidia (cysts a gefen fatar ido na capsular) suna da girman 60 x 7-21 μm, m, conical ko ventricular (kumburi). Ana cire tip na cheilocystidia sosai ko kuma yana da ɗan gajeren abin da ya kai 15 x 2-3 μm, wani lokacin reshe, bakin ciki ko kauri mai kauri. Babu cysts a gefen reshe. Suna da siffar sanda kuma girman 25-60 x 13-25 μm. Ganuwarsu ta ɗan ɗan yi kauri, ƙanƙara a kan filaye mara kyau, tare da gajere, sauƙi mai sauƙi har zuwa 3 μm.
Wuri da rarraba Mycena chlorophos
Ana samun jikin 'ya'yan itacen Mycena chlorophos a cikin gandun daji inda suke girma a cikin tarkace akan tarkace na itace kamar rassan, rassan, da bawon da ya fadi. A Hachijo da Kogijima, Japan. ana samun naman gwari ne a kan ruɓen petioles na Phoenix roeberenii dabino. Naman gwari yana buƙatar ƙarancin zafi don samar da namomin kaza; a tsibirin Hachijo, alal misali, 'ya'yan itace yana faruwa ne kawai a lokacin damina na Yuni / Yuli da Satumba / Oktoba lokacin da yanayin zafi yana kusa da 88%, yawanci ranar bayan ruwan sama. Nazarin gwaji ya nuna cewa primordia naman kaza da ke da ruwa sosai ya zama nakasu, yayin da yanayin da ya bushe yana haifar da lalacewa da fashe yayin da ƙwayar gel ɗin da ke rufe su ta lalace.
A Asiya, an samo nau'in a Japan, Taiwan, Polynesia, Java, da Sri Lanka. A Japan, naman kaza yana ƙara ƙaranci yayin da al'adarsa ta ragu. Jagororin filin Australiya da yawa sun ba da rahoton nau'in daga ƙasar. An kuma rubuta wannan naman gwari sau da yawa a Brazil. Mycena chlorophos yana ɗaya daga cikin namomin kaza da yawa da aka nuna akan saitin tambarin aika aika a Samoa a cikin 1985.
Bioluminescence na Mycena chlorophos
An fara kwatanta jinsin a kimiyance a matsayin Agaricus chlorphos a 1860 ta Miles Berkeley da Moses Ashley Curtis. An tattara ainihin samfurin a tsibirin Bonin a watan Oktoba 1854 ta Ba'amurke ɗan adam Charles Wright a lokacin balaguron bincikensa na Arewacin Pasifik na 1853-1856. Pier Andrea Saccardo ya canza nau'in zuwa jinsin Mycenae a cikin littafin 1887. Daniel Desjardin da abokan aiki sun sake kwatanta nau'in kuma sun kafa samfurin phylogenetic a cikin 2010.
A cikin 1860, Berkeley da Curtis sun bayyana nau'in Agaricus cyanophos daga kayan da aka tattara daga tsibirin Bonin. An samo kayan a kusa da inda aka samo samfurin M. chlorphos, amma bayan makonni da yawa. Masana ilimin kimiyya na Japan Seiya Ito da Sanshi Imai sun yi nazarin waɗannan tarin a ƙarshen 1930s kuma sun kammala cewa cyanobacterium Agaricus blazei nau'in nau'in nau'in M. chlorophos ne, duk da cewa siffar hular. hadewar gilla da kalar hasken da aka fitar sun banbanta.
Desjardin da abokan aikinsa sun yarda da wannan shawarar bayan sun bincika nau'in kayan duka biyun taxa. An rarraba M. chlorphos a cikin sashin Exornatae na halittar Mycenae. Sauran nau'ikan haske a cikin wannan sashe sune M. discobasis da M. marginata. Wasu mawallafa sun ɗauki M. illumans a matsayin masu kama da M. chlorphos saboda kamanceceniya, amma nazarin kwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa jinsin su ne daban.
Tun da naman gwari karami ne kuma yana ba da 'ya'ya kawai a cikin ƙayyadaddun yanayi a kan ƙaramin sikelin, masu binciken sun binciki yanayin da ake buƙata don shuka nau'in halitta a ƙarƙashin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje don samun ƙarin kayan don nazarin tsarin bioluminescence da taimakawa kare wannan nau'in. . Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don ci gaban mycelium shine 27 ° C, yayin da mafi kyawun zafin jiki don girma na primordium shine 21 ° C. Wadannan yanayin zafi sun yi daidai da yanayin yanayi na wurare masu zafi inda aka fi samun wannan nau'in.
Matsakaicin haske yana faruwa a 27 ° C; kamar sa'o'i 25 zuwa 39 bayan primordia ya fara samuwa, lokacin da murfin ya cika cikakke. A 21 ° C, hasken yana ci gaba har tsawon kwanaki 3 kuma ya zama ba a iya gano shi da ido tsirara kamar sa'o'i 72 bayan primordium priming.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Mycena chlorophos da halayensa.