Tubers wani nau'in kauri ne mai kauri wanda wasu shuke-shuke ke da shi. Mafi shahararren sananne shine dankalin turawa. Waɗannan tsire-tsire suna tara abubuwan adana, waɗanda galibi ke cikin sitaci. Akwai nau'ikan tubers da yawa. Yawancin waɗannan tubers ɗin suna ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma suna ƙunshe da sikeli waɗanda ke samar da ƙwaya. Daga waɗannan ƙwayoyin ne sabon harbe-harben da tushe ke haifar da haifar da sabbin tsirrai. Wadanne irin tubers suke?
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da nau'ikan tubers da halayensu.
Nau'in tubers
Dangane da likitanci, masana kimiyyar dabbobi da kuma tsirrai, akwai nau'ikan tubers iri daban-daban da kuma nau'ikan da aka tanadar musu. Masana ilimin tsirrai sun rarraba tubers cikin: Akon tubers, tubers hydroponic, tubers masu zafi da kuma tubers masu ci. Na karshen sune dankalin turawa, jicama, manioc, melloco da sauransu.
Ana amfani da tubers don adana ƙarfin tsire-tsire waɗanda suke amfani da shi don samar da tushe da ganye. Akwai tubers dayawa wadanda ake ci kamar wadanda zamu gani nan gaba.
A cikin duniya akwai irin waɗannan nau'ikan manyan nau'ikan tubers guda biyu kuma waɗannan sune ainihin halayen su:
- Kara tubers: shin waɗancan tubers ne waɗanda ke da babban sifa kuma shine ya kasance kusa da matakin ƙasa. Galibi ba su da zurfin zurfin gaske kuma a cikinsu ƙwanƙolin ɓangaren fili ne da ke kaɗa. Madadin haka, saiwar ta girma daga tuber da kanta. Misalin irin wannan tuber shine karas.
- Tushen tubers: su ne wadanda ake samarwa daga kaurin wani bangare na tushen sa. Yana iya faruwa cewa tuber ya ƙunshi duka tushen ko kuma kawai yana shafar wasu ɓangarorin. Ta wannan hanyar, shuka daya tak ta bunkasa tare da tubers da yawa, kamar dankalin turawa. Ofayan halayenta shine cewa gajere ne, yanki na iya haɓaka wani mutum gaba ɗaya. Wannan baya faruwa da masu tushe.
Iri iri na tuber
Zamu yi nazarin wadanne ne shahararrun nau'ikan tubers a duniya a cikin manyan halayen su.
Dankali
Shine tuber da ake ci sananne a duniya. Ana cinsa ta hanyoyi da yawa, soyayyen, dafa shi, dafa shi da kyau, mai tsabta, da sauransu. An samo shi daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na Amurka na asalin Andean. Amfani da shi a da bai yi kyau sosai ba, tunda ba shi da kyau. Da zarar kun koyi girke shi, yana ɗaya daga cikin abincin da aka cinye a duniya.
Dankali mai zaki
Ana amfani da shi don ciyar da dabbobi, ci da matsayin kayan ɗanɗano a cikin kek da kayan marmari.
Radish
Yana da kayan lambu da aka sani tun zamanin da ta wayewar Bahar Rum. An horar da wannan kayan lambu a tsohuwar kasar Sin, amma ba a san ainihin asalinsa ba.
Karas
Abinci ne wanda shima sananne ne a duk duniya kuma ana cin sa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Asalinta yana cikin minorananan Asiya.
Yucca
Ana noma shi galibi a Kudancin Amurka, Afirka da Pacific. Godiya ga yawan abinci mai gina jiki sananne ne sosai. Akwai nau'ikan iri irin su daji waɗanda suke da guba sosai da kuma tsaunuka, waɗanda suke da ƙananan dafi.
Jicama
An san shi da azabar Mexico. Yana da legume daga Mexico da Amurka ta Tsakiya.
taro
Tuber ne mai arzikin fiber da ma'adanai wanda ya kai girman santimita 6 kawai a diamita.
Tigernut
Yana da tsire-tsire mai tsayi 50 cm tsayi. An yi imanin cewa su 'yan asalin Afirka ta Yamma ne. Ana amfani dashi don yin horchata. Daɗin ɗanɗano yana da daɗi da sitaci kuma kodayake ana iya cinye shi ɗanye Ana cinye shi yawanci azaman tigernut horchata. Matsayi ne mai darajar gaske a wasu yankuna na duniya.
Yam
Shine mai hawa hawa a wurare masu zafi da zafi.
daikon
Hakanan an san shi da sunan farin radish ko Jafananci radish. Nau'in radish ne wanda yayi kama da karas. Kodayake ya fi girma kuma launi ne cikakke, ɗanɗano ya fi na ɗanɗano na yau da kullun. Abune mai daraja mai mahimmanci a cikin abinci na gabas tunda ya fito daga gabashi da kudu maso gabashin sassan Asiya. Yawanci ana ɗauka ɗayan dafaffe ne. Yana da nau'ikan jita-jita iri-iri.
Ginseng
Kodayake bazai yi kama da shi ba, akwai wasu nau'ikan tubers wadanda suma ana amfani dasu a fagen magani. A wannan yanayin, muna magana ne game da ginseng. Dukkanin rukuni ne na jinsin Panax kuma shuke-shuke ne masu tsire-tsire waɗanda suke da ƙarami da girma a hankali. Mafi shaharar jinsunan wannan jinsin sune Panax quinquefolius da kuma Panax ginseng. Dukansu su ne tubers sanannu cewa ana amfani da su sosai a cikin maganin gargajiya.
Wasabi
Ana samo Wasabi daga tushen shukar da aka fi sani da Wasabi japonica. Sanannen nau'in shuka ne tunda ana amfani dashi da kayan yaji don sushi. Don ƙirƙirar ruwan miya mai zafi, tuber ɗin ya karce kuma ya gauraya don ya sami dandano mai ɗaci da yaji. Irin wannan biredin ya zama sananne a kasashen duniya.
Yadda ake shuka iri na tubers
Zamuyi takaitaccen bayani game da halayen da ake buƙata don shuka nau'ikan tubers daban-daban. Abu na farko shine a tabbatar da cewa ƙasar tana da tsafta gaba ɗaya, ba ta da wuri kuma ba ta da ramuka ko kuma fuloji. Soilasa dole ne ya zama yana kama da kama. Shuka ya bambanta dangane da yankin da za mu shuka. La zurfin al'ada lokacin shuka yana tsakanin santimita 7-8. Ana iya yin dasa hannu ko kuma ta hanyar inji.
Abu mafi ba da shawara shi ne shuka dukkanin tubers, koda kuwa yana nufin yanke su, ya kamata a yi shi kashi biyu tare da yanke mai tsabta. Wajibi ne a gwada cewa bangarorin biyu daidai suke a cikin girma da adadin buds. Ban da rogo, sauran tubers suna matukar bukatar ruwa. Rashin ruwa yana da lahani sosai tunda fari da yanayi mai ƙarancin ruwa yana ba da damar yaɗuwar kwari da cututtukan da ke afka wa waɗannan amfanin gona. Ban ruwa mai yayyafawa shine mafi bada shawarar tunda ana buƙatar samun ruwa koyaushe a cikin ƙasa. Hakanan yana buƙatar ƙasa mai daɗi sosai don kauce wa tsawan lokaci.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da nau'ikan tubers daban-daban.