La Phragmites australis tsire-tsire ne na ruwa mai yawa a cikin yankuna masu dausayi kuma na dangi ne Kawo kuma sunan nata ya fito ne daga sautin Girkanci magana wanda ke nufin sandar siriri. Wannan jinsin mai martaba tasowa sosai, godiya ga tsarin rhizomatous mai karfi.
Zai iya kai girman tsakanin mita 2 zuwa 6 a tsayi, saboda manyan ƙwayoyi masu ƙarfi, ya danganta da nau'in ƙasa da yanayin danshi da ke gudana a cikin yanayin. Kodayake yana son zafi, yana jure farin fari na ɗan lokaci sosai. Tsirrai ne mai banƙyama, wanda ya sa ya zama kyakkyawa don tsabtace tsire-tsire.
Ayyukan
Irin wannan tsire-tsire waɗanda za mu iya samu a wuraren da yawan ɗumi yawanci alama ce mai kyau cewa ƙasa tana da wadatattun abubuwan gina jiki Punto tsire-tsire ne wanda ke buƙatar ƙarancin yanayin zafi da matsakaici zuwa babban zafin jiki. Ta hanyar samun manyan abubuwan gina jiki, duk kasar da zaka samu wannan shukar zata nuna cewa suna da inganci.
Misali, wannan shuka An rarraba shi a cikin Yankin Yankin Kudu maso Gabas kuma an rarraba shi sosai tare da rafuka huɗu waɗanda suka haɗu da wannan ɓangaren. Kari kan haka, za mu iya samun su a cikin lagoons 123 wadanda aka jera su.
La Phragmites australis a cikin yanayi masu dacewa zai iya girma sama da mita 4 a tsayi. Tushensa mai ƙarfi ne, a tsaye, kore ne, mai ɗorewa da rami kuma sauran ganyensa suna gefen daya daga tushe, launin kore mai launin toka, mai tsayi, madaidaici da kunkuntar kuma kaɗan kaɗan gefuna.
Rashin hasken wannan shuka yana faruwa a cikin watan Agusta. Furanninta suna bayyana kamar ƙafafun da aka ƙirƙira da yawa masu launin launin ruwan kasa.Wadannan spikes suna da rassa da yawa kuma suna da furanni da yawa. Tsuntsaye ko fargaba na iya auna har zuwa 20 cm fadi bayan furen shukar. Kowane spikelet ya ƙunshi daga furanni 2 zuwa 12.
Girman furannin ya ragu daga tushe zuwa saman ƙarar. Wani lokaci ba duk kayan wasan kwaikwayo bane suke cin nasara, saboda wasu daga cikinsu an mayar da su kamar gwal da fulawa, wanda hakan ke sa tassels din ba su nuna fuka-fukin fuka-fuki ba. Dangane da tsaba waɗannan ƙananan ne kuma suna iya auna 1.5 mm tsawo.
Muna magana ne game da wani nau'in tsire-tsire masu ɗorewa cewa ya sake yaduwa ta hanyar rhizomes. Wannan yana nufin cewa yana buƙatar babban yanki don iya haifuwa da yaɗuwa ko'ina cikin filin. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman halayen da wannan tsiron yayi fice akansu shine, a lokacin bazara, tana da koren launi kuma a lokacin hunturu ta juye da launi mai launi ja-ruwan kasa.
Waɗannan nau'ikan launuka kuma na iya dogara gabaki ɗaya da yanayin yanayin yanayin kowane yanayi. Zai yiwu cewa mun riga mun shiga kaka kuma har yanzu basu da launi mai launin ja-launin ruwan kasa wanda yake nuna su a waɗannan lokutan ƙarancin yanayin.
Asali da mazauni
Wannan tsire-tsire ne na asalin Turai wanda aka rarraba shi a duniya, kusan yana nan akan dukkan nahiyoyi biyar, musamman a yankuna masu yanayi. Ya yadu sosai a wuraren fadamaHakanan za'a iya ganin sa a cikin sabbin yankuna masu dausayi.
Yaduwar da Phragmites australis
Nau'in reproduces daga tsaba kuma ta wurin stolons da rhizomes. Multiparamar gida tana faruwa musamman ta hanyar haɓakar ciyayi da tsarin sabuntawa, tushen sabbin alƙaluma na Girgizai kun samu tare da yada tsaba, rhizomes da tsire-tsire.
A cikin ƙasashe masu dausayi a ƙasa da matakin teku, bunƙasarsa yana faruwa ne da farko saboda ƙaƙƙarfan rhizomes ɗin sa. Game da tsarin aikin zabe, ana iya cewa shi ya fi yawa, duk da haka, ana iya samar da iri ba tare da buƙatar hadi ba.
Yana amfani da aikin Phragmites australis
Sanda an yi amfani da shi na dogon lokaci a duniyar saƙar kwando. An fi amfani da halayenta don yin katifa, tabarma da kwanduna. Wani lokaci, saboda rashin wasu nau'ikan kayan, ana amfani dashi azaman masu koyarwa don ƙarin shuke-shuke masu taushi. Ganye da harbe-harbe waɗanda suke da shi waɗanda suka fi taushi suna cinsu kuma suna matsayin ɗawon duka tufafi masu launin kore da rawaya.
Wani amfani da aka saba amfani dashi a al'adance shine don gini. A cikin wannan burin, An yi amfani da shi don yin wasu rufin a cikin bukkoki da sheds. Idan muka yi amfani da rhizome din sa muka yi amfani da shi a matsayin abin shafawa har sai ya zama foda zai iya zama diuretic,
madara-madara da diaphoretic.
Game da aikin da ɗan sandar yake aiwatarwa a cikin tsarin halittu, yana da mahimmanci. Kuma hakane Yana cika aiki mai mahimmanci tunda yawancin tsuntsayen ruwa suna zaune kuma suna yin sheƙarsu a tsakanin waɗannan tsirrai.. Tunda ana samun waɗannan tsirrai a wuraren da yawa
zafi da kuma cikin kwasa-kwasan ruwa masu girma dabam da halaye daban-daban, tsuntsaye suna amfani da yawaitar su don ƙirƙirar gidajen su.
Saboda haka, da Phragmites australis Ya zama tsirrai mai ban sha'awa daga mahangar kayan ado da ta muhalli. A gefe guda, muna da ikon adonsa tunda ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan shuke-shuke na ruwa waɗanda ake amfani da su don yin ado
tafki iri-iri. Tabbas zaku iya samun waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin lagoons na wucin gadi na wasu wuraren shakatawa na birni da kewaye.
A gefe guda, muna magana ne game da tsire-tsire tare da manyan ayyukan muhalli don haka Ana amfani dashi don maido da yankuna
danshi. Tsirrai ne mai kwarjini da inganci kuma tunda ana iya amfani dashi a cikin yankuna masu zuwa na bakin teku da na cikin ƙasa don murmurewarsu da kuma daidaita yanayin halittu da flora da fauna.
Kula dashi Phragmites australis
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, wannan tsiron ba kawai yana da amfani a fagen dawo da muhalli ba har ma ana iya amfani dashi don amfani da kayan lambu a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa. Idan muna son samun sa a gonar mu ko kuma shuka shi a cikin filin mu dole ne mu san abubuwan da ake buƙata.
Abu na farko shine wuri. Ya bayyana a sarari cewa idan tsire ne da ke tsiro a cikin yanayin halittar gefen kogin, yana buƙatar wurin waje da rana cikakke. Zai yiwu kuma ana iya haɓaka shi a cikin inuwa ta kusan-kashi, kodayake ba ita ce mafi yawan alamun ba. Kuna buƙatar adadi mai yawa na
rana a rana.
Amma ga Yawancin lokaciMun riga mun ambata cewa yana buƙatar wadataccen kayan abinci. Koyaya, wannan ba sharadi bane muddin yana iya samun magudanar ruwa mai kyau kuma ya kasance mai danshi. Maganganun suna ba da izinin hakan ba tare da ya ƙaru da tara ruwan ban ruwa da yawa ba
kuma ana samun wadataccen yanayi mai danshi ta yadda shukar zata iya bunkasa cikin yanayi mai kyau. Don kula da wannan ɗimbin da tsiron yake buƙata, zamu shayar dashi akai-akai. Wajibi ne a sha ruwa kowace rana har ma da ciyawar kusa da shi
shuka don cin gajiyar ruwa mai ɗorewa.
Ba ya buƙatar haɗuwa ta kowace hanya sai dai idan ƙasa ba ta da kyau.
Mafi kyawun lokacin shekara don shuka shi shine lokacin bazara. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa baya iya jure yanayin ƙarancin zafi sosai kuma ci gaba da sanyi na iya hana haɓakar sa. A mafi yawan wannan shuka na iya tsayayya da -7 digiri na zafin jiki
na dan karamin lokaci. Wato yana iya jure daskarewa lokaci-lokaci.
Harkokin tattalin arziki
La Phragmites Australia Tun da yana da tsire-tsire masu yaduwa, yana iya shafar manyan yankunan albarkatu, musamman waɗanda ke kusa da tsarin magudanan ruwa ko magudanan ruwa, waɗannan wurare ne masu dacewa don shuka don fara mamayewa cikin sauƙi. Akwai labari daga ko'ina cikin duniya na albarkatu da yawa waɗanda shukar ta shafa.
A duk Turai ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mahimman dalilai na bayyanar matsaloli daban-daban, kamar haɓakar ciyawa a magudanan ruwa da tsarin ruwa, yanayi ne gama gari a yankuna daban-daban na duniya. A cikin kasashe kamar Misira, babban yanki ne na fure a cikin magudanan ruwa, inda kuma ya mamaye yankuna masu dausayi na ƙasashen ban ruwa.
Babbar matsalar irin wannan ciyawar ta ciyawar ruwa ita ce toshewar ruwan, wanda ke haifar da matsaloli dangane da aiki da tsarin, kamar lamarin magudanar ruwa, samar da ruwa don ban ruwa da samun kamun kifi.
Bayanai sun iso daga Kazakhstan da ke nuna hakan wannan tsiron yana da mahimmiyar rawa a ci gaban kwari na kwari. Hakanan nau'ikan na iya yin aiki a matsayin wani dandamali don ɗaukar bakuncin wasu mahimman cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na hatsi, ciki har da ƙwayoyin mosaic na masara, da cutar ƙwaryar sha'ir ta sha'ir, da ƙwayar mosaic ta sukari.
Daban-daban na sarrafawa
Rigakafin hanawa
Akwai babban iri-iri na sarrafawa don hana mummunan yaduwar Phragmites AustraliaWasu suna dogara ne akan ƙonawa, amfani da dunƙun filastik, al'adu, nazarin halittu, sarrafa jiki, yankan, dredging. Ga wasu daga cikin mahimman abubuwa.
Ilimin halittu
Nazarin ilimin kimiya ya bayyana kasancewar sama da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kwayoyin parasites masu nasaba da Phragmites, da suka hada da kwari, mites da fungi. Amma ba duk abin ya ƙare a can ba, an yi imanin cewa akwai wasu jinsunan da yawa da ke hade da shuka.
Sauran karatuttukan suna nuna yiwuwar sarrafa mamayewar shuka, ta hanyar amfani da kiwo na shanu, bisa ga wadannan binciken hanyar tana da babbar damar samun nasara don kawar da tasiri ga yawan jama'ar Girgizai. Wannan zaɓin ya dogara da gaskiyar cewa shanu na iya kula da abinci mai tsaka-tsire na ɗan gajeren lokaci, ba tare da shafar lafiyar ka ba.
Kodayake gaskiya ne cewa ƙananan kiwo suna rage yawan mutanen wannan tsiron, amma abin takaici hakan bai faru da tushen tsarin shuka ba. Ko da kuwa ana yin kiwo a lokacin da bai dace ba, abin da zai iya faruwa shi ne cewa kasancewar mai tushe yana ƙaruwa.
Gudanar da jiki
Lokacin amfani da hanyoyin jiki, dole ne a kula idan ba haka ba za a iya ƙarfafa bayyanar tsire-tsire mai cutarwa. Yin amfani da maganin kashe ciyawa a haɗe tare da takamaiman ƙonawa na iya zama fasaha mai matukar tasiri. Da zarar an yi amfani da maganin kashe ciyawar da aka ba da shawarar, ya kamata a yi ƙonawa shekara mai zuwa yayin bazara ko hunturu.
Bai kamata a kone shuke-shuken kafin fure ba, saboda wannan na iya motsa haɓakar su. Wasu masana suna da ra'ayin cewa ƙonawa na iya haifar da ci gaba da ƙarfafa rhizome kuma ya sa ragowar al'ummomin su kasance masu kuzari. Konawa bayan an yi amfani da maganin kashe ciyawa yana rage dorewar mataccen kara da ganyen biomass, wanda na iya karawa da tsirewar tsire-tsire a cikin kaka mai zuwa.
Ikon inji
Lokacin amfani da nau'ikan kayan aikin wutar lantarki (yankan ciyawa, masu yan goge goge, yankan hannu), wadannan na iya zama masu tasiri wajen rage yaduwar yawan jama'a, amma da wuya su yi nasara wajen kawar da yawan jama'a idan ba ayi amfani da su ba tare da amfani da maganin ciyawar. Haka kuma tono daskararru na iya zama ingantacciyar hanyar sarrafawa, amma idan aka yi su sau ɗaya, gutsuttsun gutsutsuren ke kasancewa cikin ƙasa, sake kafa jama'a na iya faruwa.
Bayan yin amfani da kulawar inji, dole ne a tsaftace yankin sosai kuma a zubar da tarkacen da aka tara don guje wa yaduwar iri. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da sarrafa inji a haɗe tare da aikace-aikacen herbicide, ya kamata a fara amfani da ƙarshen kuma idan aƙalla makonni biyu suka wuce, to ana amfani da ikon inji.